Inhibition of Calcium Sulfate and Strontium Sulfate Scale in Waterflood

Merdhah, Amer Bin

doi:10.2118/141168-pa

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, the study also highlighted smaller sized layered platelets, which were attributed to bentonite clay. The larger particles in dry oily petroleum sludge are suggested to be barite, calcite, sandstone, and quartz, which were demonstrated by the findings from other studies, performed by Wang et al (2012) and Bin Merdhah (2010). Another research group presented different minerals content in petroleum sludge by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Oil-based mud waste reclamation and utilisation in low-density polyethylene composites

et al. 2020

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Oil-based mud (OBM) waste from the oil and gas exploration industry can be valorised to tailor-made reclaimed clay-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites. This study aims to fill the information gap in the literature and to provide opportunities to explore the effective recovery and recycling techniques of the resources present in the OBM waste stream. Elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray fluorescence analysis, chemical structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis of LDPE/organo-modified montmorillonite (LDPE/MMT) and LDPE/OBM slurry nanocomposites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been conducted. Further analysis including calorimetry, thermogravimetry, spectroscopy, microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out to evaluate the thermo-chemical characteristics of OBM waste and OBM clay-reinforced LDPE nanocomposites, confirming the presence of different clay minerals including inorganic salts in OBM slurry powder. The microscopic analysis revealed that the distance between polymer matrix and OBM slurry filler is less than that of MMT, which suggests better interfacial adhesion of OBM slurry compared with the adhesion between MMT and LDPE matrix. This was also confirmed by XRD analysis, which showed the superior delamination structure OBM slurry compared with the structure of MMT. There is a trend noticeable for both of these fillers that the nanocomposites with higher percentage filler contents (7.5 and 10.0 wt% in this case) were indicated to act as a thermal conductive material. The heat capacity values of nanocomposites decreased about 33% in LDPE with 7.5 wt% MMT and about 17% in LDPE with 10.0 wt% OBM slurry. It was also noted, for both nanocomposites, that the residue remaining after 1000°C increases with the incremental wt% of fillers in the nanocomposites. There is a big difference in residue amount (in %) left after thermogravimetric analysis in the two nanocomposites, indicating that OBM slurry may have significant influence in decomposing LDPE matrix; this might be an interesting area to explore in the future. The results provide insight and opportunity to manufacture waste-derived renewable nanocomposites with enhanced structural and thermal properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Oil-based mud waste reclamation and utilisation in low-density polyethylene composites

et al. 2020

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“…They should be nontoxic, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly. Several works have been reported in the literature on developing green scale inhibitors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][103][104][105][106][107]. Znini et al [144] reported the environmentally friendly scale inhibitors for the scaling activity of steel in H 2 SO 4 using purified compounds and essential oils, which can be achieved from plant extracts.…”

Section: Significance Of Green Scale Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scale inhibitors can circularize the insoluble inorganic salts, prevent scale deposition on the metal surface, which slows down the corrosion rate, and maintains proper heat transfer effect of the equipment. These inhibitors are considered a particular class of chemicals, which are also used to slow or stop scale development in water frameworks [1][2][3][4][5]. Researchers also studied different types of scales and methods to prevent them from using scale inhibitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Green Scale Inhibitors: Process, Types, Mechanism and Properties

Mazumder

2020

Coatings

103

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In the present time, more often, it has been seen that scaling has grown as widely and caused problems in the oilfield industry. Scaling is the deposition of various salts of inorganic/organic materials due to the supersaturation of salt-water mixtures. Many works have been proposed by researchers using different methods to solve the problem, of which scale inhibition is one of them. The scale inhibitors, particularly for antiscaling, have derived from natural and synthetic polymers. Among different polymers, inorganic and organic compounds (polyphosphates, carboxylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), etc.) can effectively manage the oilfield scales of which many are toxic and expansive. Scale inhibitors of alkaline earth metal carbonate and sulfates and transition metal sulfide are commonly used in oilfield applications. Scale inhibition of metallic surfaces is an essential activity in technical, environmental, economic, and safety purposes. Scale inhibitors containing phosphorus appear to have significant achievements in the inhibition process despite its toxicity. However, phosphorus-based inhibitors can serve as supplements prompting eutrification difficulties. Besides these increasing environmental concerns, green scale inhibitors are renewable, biodegradable, and ecologically acceptable that has been used to prevent, control, and retard the formation of scale. Considering the facts, this review article summarized the concept of scale, various green scale inhibitors, types, mechanisms, comparative performance, significance, and future aspects of green scale inhibitors, which will shed light and be helpful for the professionals working in the oil and gas industries.

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“…Due to the extensive use of water injection for oil displacement and pressure maintenance in oilfields, many reservoirs experience the problem of scale deposition when water injection starts. In most cases, the scale is caused by the formation of calcium and strontium carbonate and sulfate salts [1]. The consequences of scale deposition can be delayed production, failure of production equipment, unscheduled shutdowns, increased maintenance costs and decreased production efficiency [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scale deposits could also plug the pores of the formation in injection wells, resulting in injectivity decline [3]. The scales commonly found in the deposit are carbonates [1,4]. While the formation of carbonate incrustations is associated with changes in pressure and temperature that favor precipitation of salts present in the water, the appearance of sulfate incrustations is mainly due to the mixing of incompatible waters to maintain pressure or to flooding strategies [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in Synthetic Brines

Bolívar

Colina²,

Delgado

et al. 2021

J. Mex. Chem. Soc.

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Abstract. When oil production by natural flow of reservoirs decreases, it is necessary to increase the production by using improved recovery processes, such as water injection. Injection of incompatible water can cause the formation of saline deposits of calcium and magnesium carbonates. The use of chemical inhibitors to treat incrustations involves the use of chemicals with functional groups such as carboxylic acids (R-COOH) or phosphonates (R-PO32-). A new ecological scale inhibitor, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC1), has been synthesized and its capacity to modify the CaCO3 crystalline phases obtained in the solid residue was compared with that obtained when using a commercial carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC2) and a commercial poly(acrylic acid). The results show that under the used conditions, the CMC´s produce a slightly larger amount of crystalline phases than the synthetic inhibitor. Using the X-ray powder diffraction technique, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite were identified in the residual solid. The ratio of these phases was modified by increasing the concentration of the inhibitor. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), it was observed that increasing the concentration of the CMC's the modifies the crystal´s morphology from plates to spheres. Resumen. Cuando la producción de petróleo por flujo natural disminuye, es necesario aumentar la producción de petróleo crudo y gas mediante procesos de recuperación mejorados. El agua es el líquido que se inyecta y puede provocar la formación de depósitos salinos de carbonato de calcio y magnesio. El uso de inhibidores químicos para el tratamiento de incrustaciones implica el empleo de productos químicos con grupos funcionales del tipo ácido carboxílico (R-COOH) o grupos fosfonatos (R-PO32-). Se sintetizó un nuevo inhibidor de incrustaciones ambientalmente amigable en base a carboximetilquitosano (CMC1), y se compararon las fases cristalinas de CaCO3 obtenidas en el residuo sólido con las obtenidas al utilizar un carboximetilquitosano comercial (CMC2) y un poli (ácido acrílico) comercial. Los resultados muestran que, en las condiciones utilizadas, las CMC producen una cantidad ligeramente mayor de fases cristalinas en comparación con el inhibidor sintético. Mediante la técnica de difracción de rayos X de polvos, en el sólido residual se identificaron las fases: Calcita, Vaterita y Aragonita. La relación de las fases se modificó aumentando la concentración del inhibidor. Mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM) de los residuos sólidos, se observó que al aumentar la concentración de las CMC's la morfología de los cristales se modificaba de placas a esferas.

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Inhibition of Calcium Sulfate and Strontium Sulfate Scale in Waterflood

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Oil-based mud waste reclamation and utilisation in low-density polyethylene composites

Oil-based mud waste reclamation and utilisation in low-density polyethylene composites

A Review of Green Scale Inhibitors: Process, Types, Mechanism and Properties

The Effect of Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in Synthetic Brines

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