Inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation and modulation of gene expression by probiotic cells and supernatant

Abstract

Oral candidiasis is a disease caused by opportunistic species of Candida that normally reside on human mucosal surfaces. The transition of Candida from budding yeast to filamentous hyphae allows for covalent attachment to oral epithelial cells, followed by biofilm formation, invasion and tissue damage. In this study, combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum SD5870, Lactobacillus helveticus CBS N116411 and Streptococcus salivarius DSM 14685 were assessed for their ability to inhibit the formation of and disrupt Candida albicans biofilms. Co-incubation with probiotic supernatants under hyphae-inducing conditions reduced C. albicans biofilm formation by .75 % in all treatment groups. Likewise, combinations of live probiotics reduced biofilm formation of C. albicans by .67 %. When live probiotics or their supernatants were overlaid on preformed C. albicans biofilms, biofilm size was reduced by .63 and .65 % respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that the combined supernatants of SD5870 and CBS N116411 significantly reduced the expression of several C. albicans genes involved in the yeast-hyphae transition: ALS3 (adhesin/invasin) by 70 % (P,0.0001), EFG1 (hyphae-specific gene activator) by 47 % (P50.0061), SAP5 (secreted protease) by 49 % (P,0.0001) and HWP1 (hyphal wall protein critical to biofilm formation) by .99 % (P,0.0001). These findings suggest the combination of L. plantarum SD5870, L. helveticus CBS N116411 and S. salivarius DSM 14685 is effective at both preventing the formation of and removing preformed C. albicans biofilms. Our novel results point to the downregulation of several Candida genes critical to the yeast-hyphae transition, biofilm formation, tissue invasion and cellular damage.

Lactobacillus rhamnosusinhibitsCandida albicansvirulence factorsin vitroand modulates immune system inGalleria mellonella

“…The HWP1 gene is known to encode a major C. albicans protein that is involved in several functions, including cell wall assembly, intracellular signalling and hyphal development (Sundstrom et al 2002;Biswas et al 2007;Chaffin 2008). In our expression profiles, CPH1, ALS3 and HWP1 were downregulated in the presence of cells primarily when the biofilms were treated with the L. rhamnosus supernatant, which was in agreement with the results of other studies (K€ ohler et al 2012;Bandara et al 2013a,b;James et al 2016). We speculated that the modulation of hypha-specific gene expression in C. albicans induced by Lactobacillus was one likely reason for the decrease in Candida filamentation (Bandara et al 2013a,b).…”

“…,b; James et al . ). We speculated that the modulation of hypha‐specific gene expression in C. albicans induced by Lactobacillus was one likely reason for the decrease in Candida filamentation (Bandara et al .…”

Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus Are Able to Strongly Inhibit Candida albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation and Regulate Virulence-related Gene Expressions

“…To determine the effects of CFS in RPMI 1640 + 10% FBS broth on the transcription of C. albicans genes related to yeast-to-hyphae transition, gene expression levels of GSP1 , NRG1 , TEC1 , EFG1 , EAP1 , SAP5, ALS3 , HWP1 , and ECE1 were evaluated by two-step qRT-PCR (Sun et al, 2015; James et al, 2016). Total RNA of C. albicans was extracted using a Yeast RiboPure RNA Purification kit (CoWin Biosciences, Beijing, China).…”

<p>The Battle of Probiotics and Their Derivatives Against Biofilms</p>

“…The results showed that these probiotics are effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation and also removing of the preformed biofilms of C. albicans. 43 Therefore, it is rational to claim that probiotics and their derivatives can be used as both prophylactic and treatment biodrugs.…”