Inhibition of defensin A and cecropin A responses to dengue virus 1 infection in Aedes aegypti

Méndez, Yda; Pacheco, César; Herrera, Flor

doi:10.7705/biomedica.5491

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These include adverse effects at the cellular level, which can result in altered gene expression levels of the immune system, metabolic and metamorphosis signaling pathways, impacts on life history traits, and reactive oxygen species induced upregulation of oxidative stress genes in aquatic organisms and insects (Malafaia et al 2020, Romano and Fischer 2021, Silva et al 2021b). In addition to activating the mosquito immune response, midgut bacteria can also influence insect mosquito competence by impairing pathogen infection through competition for resources or secretion of anti-pathogen molecules and or metabolites (Perera et al 2012, Caragata et al 2014, Mendez et al 2021). For example, changes to or removal of a majority of midgut bacteria through antibiotic treatment results in greater susceptibility of the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic ingestion perturbs the microbiome of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti

Edwards

McConnel

Ramos

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Microplastics (MPs) are common environmental pollutants; however, little is known about their effects after ingestion by insects. Here we fed Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) mosquito larvae 1 µm polystyrene MPs and examined the impacts of ingestion on adult emergence rates, gut damage, and fungal and bacterial microbiota. Results show that MPs accumulate in the larval guts, resulting in gut damage. However, little impact on adult emergence rates was observed. MPs are also found in adult guts postemergence from the pupal stage, and adults expel MPs in their frass after obtaining sugar meals. Moreover, MPs effects on insect microbiomes need to be better defined. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the relationship between MP ingestion and the microbial communities in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. The microbiota composition was altered by the ingestion of increasing concentrations of MPs. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that contributed to differences in the bacterial and fungal microbiota composition between MP treatments were from the genera Elizabethkingia and Aspergillus, respectively. Furthermore, a decrease in the alpha diversity of the fungal and bacterial microbiota was observed in treatments where larvae ingested MPs. These results highlight the potential for the bacterial and fungal constituents in the mosquito microbiome to respond differently to the ingestion of MPs. Based on our findings and the effects of MP ingestion on the mosquito host micro- and mycobiome, MP pollution could impact the vector competence of important mosquito-transmitted viruses and parasites that cause human and animal diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic ingestion perturbs the microbiome of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti

Edwards

McConnel

Ramos

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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“…Furthermore, our analyses predicted that miR-2941-3p targets defensin-C in C. pipiens (LOC6032313; Supplementary Datafile online ). Defensin proteins are primarily involved in innate immune responses within the midguts of mosquitoes, including A. aegypti [ 60 , 61 ]. As described above, miR-8-5p is also less abundant in biting Pipiens relative to non-biting Molestus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA Expression Prior to Biting in a Vector Mosquito Anticipates Physiological Processes Related to Energy Utilization, Reproduction and Immunity

Marzec

Siperstein

Zhou

et al. 2023

Insects

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Understanding the molecular and physiological processes underlying biting behavior in vector mosquitoes has important implications for developing novel strategies to suppress disease transmission. Here, we conduct small-RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the head tissues of two subspecies of Culex pipiens that differ in biting behavior and the ability to produce eggs without blood feeding. We identified eight differentially expressed miRNAs between biting C. pipiens pipiens (Pipiens) and non-biting C. pipiens molestus (Molestus); six of these miRNAs have validated functions or predicted targets related to energy utilization (miR8-5-p, miR-283, miR-2952-3p, miR-1891), reproduction (miR-1891), and immunity (miR-2934-3p, miR-92a, miR8-5-p). Although miRNAs regulating physiological processes associated with blood feeding have previously been shown to be differentially expressed in response to a blood meal, our results are the first to demonstrate differential miRNA expression in anticipation of a blood meal before blood is actually imbibed. We compare our current miRNA results to three previous studies of differential messenger RNA expression in the head tissues of mosquitoes. Taken together, the combined results consistently show that biting mosquitoes commit to specific physiological processes in anticipation of a blood meal, while non-biting mosquitoes mitigate these anticipatory costs.

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“…DENV infection has also been shown to dampen the induction of Cecropin and Defensin following Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) or Gram-negative (E. coli) bacterial challenge in A. aegypti-derived Aag2 cells [94]. In vivo, DENV infection also downregulates the expression of a subset of NF-κB-regulated genes in the absence of exogenous bacterial stimulation [95,96]. Unlike for SFV, the downregulation of immune genes by DENV appears to be specific and not a general effect on host cell gene expression [94].…”

Section: Viral Nf-κb Evasion In Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antiviral role of NF-κB-mediated immune responses and their antagonism by viruses in insects

Cheung

Park

Pagtalunan

et al. 2022

Journal of General Virology

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The antiviral role of innate immune responses mediated by the NF-κB family of transcription factors is well established in vertebrates but was for a long time less clear in insects. Insects encode two canonical NF-κB pathways, the Toll and Imd (‘immunodeficiency’) pathways, which are best characterised for their role in antibacterial and antifungal defence. An increasing body of evidence has also implicated NF-κB-mediated innate immunity in antiviral responses against some, but not all, viruses. Specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and molecular events leading to NF-κB activation by viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) have been elucidated for a number of viruses and insect species. Particularly interesting are recent findings indicating that the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway detects viral RNA to activate NF-κB-regulated gene expression. We summarise the literature on virus-NF-κB pathway interactions across the class Insecta, with a focus on the dipterans Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes aegypti. We discuss potential reasons for differences observed between different virus-host combinations, and highlight similarities and differences between cGAS-STING signalling in insects versus vertebrates. Finally, we summarise the increasing number of known molecular mechanisms by which viruses antagonise NF-κB responses, which suggest that NF-κB-mediated immunity exerts strong evolutionary pressures on viruses. These developments in our understanding of insect antiviral immunity have relevance to the large number of insect species that impact on humans through their transmission of human, livestock and plant diseases, exploitation as biotechnology platforms, and role as parasites, pollinators, livestock and pests.

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Inhibition of defensin A and cecropin A responses to dengue virus 1 infection in Aedes aegypti

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Microplastic ingestion perturbs the microbiome of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti

Microplastic ingestion perturbs the microbiome of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti

MicroRNA Expression Prior to Biting in a Vector Mosquito Anticipates Physiological Processes Related to Energy Utilization, Reproduction and Immunity

The antiviral role of NF-κB-mediated immune responses and their antagonism by viruses in insects

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