Inhibition of Erythromycin and Erythromycin-Induced Resistance among Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

Abstract

The increasing incidence of erythromycin and erythromycin-induced resistance to clindamycin among Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a serious problem. Patients infected with inducible resistance phenotypes may fail to respond to clindamycin. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of erythromycin and erythromycin-induced resistance and assess for potential inhibitors. A total of 99 isolates were purified from various clinical sources. Phenotypic detection of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB)-resistance phenotypes was performed by D-test. MLSB-resistance genes were identified using PCR. Different compounds were tested for their effects on erythromycin and inducible clindamycin resistance by broth microdilution and checkerboard microdilution methods. The obtained data were evaluated using docking analysis. Ninety-one isolates were S. aureus. The prevalence of constitutive MLSB, inducible MLSB, and macrolide-streptogramin (MS) phenotypes was 39.6%, 14.3%, and 2.2%, respectively. Genes including ermC, ermA, ermB, msrA, msrB, lnuA, and mphC were found in 82.6%, 5.8%, 7.7%, 3.8%, 3.8%, 13.5%, and 3.8% of isolates, respectively. Erythromycin resistance was significantly reduced by doxorubicin, neomycin, and omeprazole. Quinine, ketoprofen, and fosfomycin combated and reversed erythromycin/clindamycin-induced resistance. This study highlighted the significance of managing antibiotic resistance and overcoming clindamycin treatment failure. Doxorubicin, neomycin, omeprazole, quinine, ketoprofen, and fosfomycin could be potential inhibitors of erythromycin and inducible clindamycin resistance.

Genetic Diversification and Resistome of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Nostrils of Healthy Dogs and Dog-Owners in La Rioja, Spain

“…Moreover, various forms of macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) resistance phenotypes/genotypes such as the erythromycin-resistant-clindamycin-susceptible (by msr (A) , mph (C)), erythromycin–clindamycin-constitutive (by erm (A) and erm (T)), erythromycin–clindamycin-inducible (by erm (C)), and erythromycin-susceptible–clindamycin-resistant (by vga (A) , lsa (B)) were exhibited by over 50% of the CoNS. These classes of antimicrobial agents are relevant treatment options in most clinical staphylococcal infections [ 35 , 36 ]. Hence, the AMR to this category of drugs is of serious concern.…”

“…Resistance to aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol has been reported at very low rates. Aminoglycosides are used extensively in clinical settings [ 27 , 35 , 36 ], and chloramphenicol is rarely in use in humans or pets. Perhaps this is why the fexA and fexB genes were not detected among the chloramphenicol-resistant isolates; rather, cat pC221 was detected, which appears to be one of the common mechanisms of resistance in non- aureus staphylococci.…”

Antibiotic Resistance in Acetic Acid Bacteria Originating from Vinegar

“…Although chemically and structurally distinct, these antibiotics share a similar mechanism of action by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 23S rRNA within the 50S ribosomal subunit. In rRNA methylation, the methylase enzyme attaches one or two methyl groups to the adenine residue in the 23S rRNA moiety, thereby reducing the affinity of the ribosomal subunit to macrolides-lincosamides antibiotics [29,30]. Our 26 test strains demonstrated resistance to clindamycin, with minimal inhibitory concentrations exceeding 256 µg/mL (Supplementary Table 1).…”

“…Our 26 test strains demonstrated resistance to clindamycin, with minimal inhibitory concentrations exceeding 256 µg/mL (Supplementary Table 1). Additionally, various erm (erythromycin ribosome methyltransferase) genes have been widely reported [30]. Upon examining intrinsic genes related to antibiotic resistance through whole-genome analysis of our strain K. saccharivorans CV1 (NCBI GenBank Acession No.…”

Distribution of antibiotic resistance gene against Streptococcus parauberis isolated from cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Jeju, South Korea

“…Among the three tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline), doxycycline produced a relatively large zone of inhibition for S. parauberis. Antibiotics of the macrolide class bind to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting peptide chain synthesis, and erythromycin was discovered in 1952 as the rst macrolide antibiotic (Mahfouz et al 2023). Previous studies have con rmed that S. parauberis isolates exhibit high levels of resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline (Park et al 2009).…”