Inhibition of Growth Hormone Release in Humans by Somatostatin.

Siler, T.M.; Vandenberg, Grant W.; Yen, S. S. C.; Brazeau, Paul; Vale, Wylie; Guillemin, Roger

doi:10.1210/jcem-37-4-632

Cited by 210 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Ion-chromatography using fragments from 500 000 sheep hypothalami led to the identification of a fraction with the capacity to inhibit GH release. Purification and sequencing of this fraction identified a 14-amino acid peptide (SST), which was subsequently confirmed to suppress GH secretion in rats and humans (Siler et al 1973). A broad range of secretagogues including nutrients, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors and cytokines influences the secretion of SST.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The hypothalamo-GH axis: the past 60 years

Murray¹,

Higham²,

Clayton³

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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At the time of the publication of Geoffrey Harris's monograph on 'Neural control of the pituitary gland' 60 years ago, the pituitary was recognised to produce a growth factor, and extracts administered to children with hypopituitarism could accelerate growth. Since then our understanding of the neuroendocrinology of the GH axis has included identification of the key central components of the GH axis: GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin (SST) in the 1970s and 1980s and ghrelin in the 1990s. Characterisation of the physiological control of the axis was significantly advanced by frequent blood sampling studies in the 1980s and 1990s; the pulsatile pattern of GH secretion and the factors that influenced the frequency and amplitude of the pulses have been defined. Over the same time, spontaneously occurring and targeted mutations in the GH axis in rodents combined with the recognition of genetic causes of familial hypopituitarism demonstrated the key factors controlling pituitary development. As the understanding of the control of GH secretion advanced, developments of treatments for GH axis disorders have evolved. Administration of pituitary-derived human GH was followed by the introduction of recombinant human GH in the 1980s, and, more recently, by long-acting GH preparations. For GH excess disorders, dopamine agonists were used first followed by SST analogues, and in 2005 the GH receptor blocker pegvisomant was introduced. This review will cover the evolution of these discoveries and build a picture of our current understanding of the hypothalamo-GH axis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The hypothalamo-GH axis: the past 60 years

Murray¹,

Higham²,

Clayton³

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Somatostatin, on the other hand, inhibited GH and PRL secretion in adenoma cells of acromegaly as well as in nonadenomatous pituitary cells in culture. Although it is now well established that somatostatin suppresses the circulating levels of GH in normal men and in patients with acromegaly (43)(44)(45), its effect on PRL is controversial. Somatostatin may reduce plasma PRL levels in some, but not all, acromegalic patients, whereas plasma PRL concentrations are generally unaffected by somatostatin in healthy individuals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct effects of catecholamines, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and somatostatin on growth hormone and prolactin secretion from adenomatous and nonadenomatous human pituitary cells in culture.

Ishibashi¹,

Yamaji²

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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A bstract. To determine the mechanism and the site of action of catecholamines as well as hormones including thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)' and somatostatin on pituitary hormone release in patients with acromegaly and in normal subjects, the effects of these substances on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion from adenomatous and nonadenomatous human pituitary cells in culture were examined. When dopamine (0.01-0.1 tM) or bromocriptine (0.01-0.1 tM) was added to the culture media, a significant inhibition of GH

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“…Since the inhibitory effect of somatostatin was primarily demonstrated in in vitro studies on rat pituitary cell cultures it is obvious that, initially, its action on the release of pituitary hormones in man and animals was of interest. As far as growth hormone (GH) release is concerned somatostatin has, indeed, been shown to be an effective inhibitor in a number of species (rat, dog, baboon, man) independently of the agents used for stimulation of the secretion (arginine, L-dopa, barbiturates, chlorpromazine, exercise, sleep, meals, catecholamines, insulin hypoglycemia) [12,43,85,89,98,53,66,73,79,108,40,56]. This inhibitory action of somatostatin on the release of pituitary hormones seems also to include TSH [105,98,17].…”

Section: On Endocrine Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%