Inhibition of hepatic natural killer cell function via the TIGIT receptor in schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease. Schistosoma japonicum eggs deposited in the liver tissue induce egg granuloma formation and liver fibrosis, seriously threatening human health. Natural killer (NK) cells kill activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or induce HSC apoptosis and inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis. However, the function of NK cells in liver fibrosis caused by S. japonicum infection is significantly inhibited. The mechanism of this inhibition remains unclear. Twenty mice were percutaneously infected with S. japonicum cercariae. Before infection and 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after infection, five mice were euthanized and dissected at each time point. Hepatic NK cells were isolated and transcriptome sequenced. The sequencing results showed that Tigit expression was high at 4–6 weeks post infection. This phenomenon was verified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry. NK cells derived from Tigit-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were co-cultured with HSCs. It was found that Tigit-/- NK cells induced apoptosis in a higher proportion of HSCs than WT NK cells. Schistosomiasis infection models of Tigit-/- and WT mice were established. The proportion and killing activity of hepatic NK cells were significantly higher in Tigit-/- mice than in WT mice. The degree of liver fibrosis in Tigit-/- mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice. NK cells were isolated from Tigit-/- and WT mice and injected via the tail vein into WT mice infected with S. japonicum. The degree of liver fibrosis in mice that received NK cell infusion reduced significantly, but there was no significant difference between mice that received NK cells from Tigit-/- and WT mice, respectively. Our findings indicate that Tigit knockout enhanced the function of NK cells and reduced the degree of liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis, thus providing a novel strategy for treating hepatic fibrosis induced by schistosomiasis.

Inhibiting Liver Autophagy and Promoting Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Schistosoma japonicum Infection

“…Many studies on the mechanism of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis have concentrated on the control of hepatic stellate cells activated by immune cells, such as NK cells [ 43 ], macrophages [ 44 ], eosinophils [ 45 ], and γδT cells [ 46 ]. However, less attention has been paid to hepatocyte-regulating hepatic stellate cell activation.…”

The Important Roles of Natural Killer Cells in Liver Fibrosis

“…In addition to the suppressive effect of TIGIT on CD226-mediated activation of NK cells [59], TIGIT deficiency can suppress parasite (Schistosoma japonicum) infectioninduced liver fibrosis [83]. A cellular mechanism study showed that NK cells from TIGITdeficient mice compared to NK cells from wild-type mice can induce more co-cultured HSC apoptosis [83].…”