Inhibition of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and poliovirus (PV-1) by bacteriocins from lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and enterococcus durans strains isolated from goat milk

Abstract

Bacteriocins have unusual inhibitory activity, including antiviral properties, and this can be exploited to give alternative applications. Semi-purified bacteriocins of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from goat milk (two Lactococcus lactis: GLc03 and GLc05, and four Enterococcus durans: GEn09, GEn12, GEn14 and GEn17) were tested for cytotoxicity in Vero cells (50% Cytotoxicity Concentration: CC), and for their antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus 1 (HVS-1) and poliovirus (PV-1). Semi-purified bacteriocins presented low cytotoxicity, with CC varying from 256.2 µg/mL (GLc05) to 1084.5 µg/mL (GEn14). CC was determined for all isolates (GLc03: 36.9 µg/mL; GLc05: 51.2 µg/mL; GEn09: 88.1 µg/mL; GEn12: 99.9 µg/mL; GEn14: 275 µg/mL; and GEn17: 62.2 µg/mL) and considered for antiviral activity assays. Antiviral activity before virus adsorption was recorded against PV-1 for GLc05 (4.9%), GEn09 (3.4%), GEn12 (24.7%) and GEn17 (23.5%), and against HSV-1 for GEn12 (27.9%), GEn14 (58.7%) and GEn17 (39.2%). Antiviral activity after virus adsorption was identified against PV-1 for GLc05 (32.7%), GEn09 (91.0%), GEn12 (93.7%) and GEn17 (57.2%), and against HSV-1 for GEn17 (71.6%). The results obtained indicate the potential of some bacteriocins, particularly those produced by E. durans strains investigated in the present study, in viral inhibition and their application as new antiviral agents.

Characterization, yield optimization, scale up and biopreservative potential of fermencin SA715, a novel bacteriocin from Lactobacillus fermentum GA715 of goat milk origin

“…Emergence of antibiotic resistance and growing consumer trend towards foods containing biopreservatives triggered the search for alternative antimicrobials and food preservatives [ 1 – 5 ]. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered potential replacements or synergists to currently used antibiotics and chemical food preservatives [ 4 , 6 , 7 ]. LAB bacteriocins do not significantly change the microflora of the human gastrointestinal tract [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Bacteriocins From LAB and Other Alternative Approaches for the Control of Clostridium and Clostridiodes Related Gastrointestinal Colitis

“…Based on the absence of cytotoxicity nisin is considered as safe (Jozala et al, 2007). Moreover, a low cytotoxicity was also reported for several other bacteriocins (Wachsman et al, 2003;Martinez et al, 2013;Carneiro et al, 2014;Quintana et al, 2014;Todorov et al, 2014;Cavicchioli et al, 2018). However, some report have referred to observations on potential cytotoxicity of some bacteriocins, and posed questions on their potential as health hazards (Carneiro et al, 2014;Kaur and Kaur, 2015).…”

Kefir: A protective dietary supplementation against viral infection

“…A period of 2–12 weeks for consumption of L. plantarum HEAL 9 and L. paracasei 8700 showed a reduction in the risk of acquiring common-cold infections caused by human rhinoviruses via induction of CD4 + and CD8 + cells [ 99 ]. Cavicchioli et al demonstrated that purified bacteriocins of L. lactis subspecies lactis had noticeable inhibitory activity against herpes poliovirus-1 [ 100 ]. Moreover, Nanis et al showed that administration of probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria species enhanced the healing response to treatments of infection by the hepatitis-C virus (HCV) by regulation of IFN-α and ribavirin [ 95 ].…”

“…The HSV is the leading cause of herpes infection, which can develop in many parts of the body, but most frequently on the genitals (HSV-2) or mouth (HSV-1) [ 100 , [131] , [132] , [133] ]. L. lactis subspecies lactis, L. rhamnosus and L. brevis , and L. crispatus have activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively [ 100 ]. A recent study revealed that purified bacteriocins of L. lactis subspecies lactis had noticeable inhibitory activity against HSV-1 and could be used as new antiviral agents [ 100 ].…”