Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase of Selected Indonesia Medicinal Plants and Isolation of the Inhibitor from Erythrina variegata L. Leaves

Abstract

Objective: This research was conducted to screen inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity of selected Indonesia medicinal plants and to isolate HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor from Erythrina variegata leaves. Method: Screening inhibition of HIV-1 RT activity of selected Indonesia medicinal plants and isolated compounds were performed using HIV-1 RT colorimetric assay. The isolation of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor was conducted using chromatography technique. The isolated compound was determined based on the data of UV, IR spectrophotometry, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Results: Beside that, in vitro study of the leaves methanolic extract exhibited inhibition against HIV-1 RT activity with percent inhibition of 97.64% at concentration of 5 mg/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction from the extract showed the strongest HIV-1 RT inbitory activity with IC 50 of 429.28 µg/mL. Isolation the HIV-1 RT inhibitor from the fraction give compound 1. Conclusion: Erythrina variegata leave extract exhibited potent inhibition on HIV-1 RT activity. The isolated compound from the leaves was determined as apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and demonstrated HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity with the IC 50 value of 100.59 µg/mL. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Breaking Down the Barriers to a Natural Antiviral Agent: Antiviral Activity and Molecular Docking of Erythrina speciosa Extract, Fractions, and the Major Compound

“…Water decoction of E. fusca bark showed moderate antiviral activity against HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 with EC 50 =243 μg/mL and 109.5 μg/mL, respectively . The ethyl acetate fraction of E. variegata methanol leaf extract and apigenin‐7‐ O ‐ β ‐ d ‐glucopyranoside isolated from this fraction demonstrated a significant HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity with IC 50 =429.28 and 100.59 μg/mL, respectively …”

“…[14] The ethyl acetate fraction of E. variegata methanol leaf extract and apigenin-7-Oβ-D-glucopyranoside isolated from this fraction demonstrated a significant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity with IC 50 = 429.28 and 100.59 μg/mL, respectively. [15]…”

“…However, Erythrina speciosa is a tree native to Southern America in Brazil . Several Erythrina species were reported to possess antiviral activity . Flavonoids from Fabaceae and other pants families showed potent antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of certain RNA (RSV, Pf‐3, polio) and DNA (HSV‐1) viruses acting to inhibit their infectivity and/or replication …”

“…B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents half of the hepatitis mortality and it is the chief cause for liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. [6] Hepatitis B virus (HBV) also leads to major complications and if left untreated, 15 to 40 % of the cases progress to liver cirrhosis. [8] Acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) represents one of the most common causes of foodborne infection.…”

“…[13] Several Erythrina species were reported to possess antiviral activity. [14,15] Flavonoids from Fabaceae and other pants families showed potent antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of certain RNA (RSV, Pf-3, polio) and DNA (HSV-1) viruses acting to inhibit their infectivity and/or replication. [16] This study was designed to investigate the antiviral activity of E. speciosa leaves extract as well as the isolation of the compound responsible for this activity.…”