Inhibition of Iron Uptake by Phytic Acid, Tannic Acid, and ZnCl<sub>2</sub>:  Studies Using an In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model

Glahn, Raymond P.; Wortley, Gary; South, Paul K.; Miller, Dennis D.

doi:10.1021/jf011046u

Cited by 174 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…The infant cereal named eight cereals-honey showed phytate × calcium/ zinc molar ratios above the critical value within the range of 150-200, which have been associated with a decrease in zinc bioavailability. It has been reported that removing phytate increases iron bioavailability in the Caco-2 cell in vitro model [24,25] . Since iron solubility, iron retention, transport efficiency, and uptake efficiency percentages can be used as bioavailability predictors [8,26,27] , our results showed that three of the four infant cereals analyzed after phytase treatment increased iron bioavailability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Frontela

Scarino²,

Ferruzza³

et al. 2009

WJG

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AIM:To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells. METHODS:Both dephytinized (by adding an exogenous phytase) and non-dephytinized infant cereals were digested using an in vitro digestion protocol adapted to the gastrointestinal conditions of infants younger than 6 mo. Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells. RESULTS:Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased (P < 0.05) the cell uptake efficiency (from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%), retention (from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%) and transport efficiency (from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-6.02%), of iron, and the uptake efficiency (from 5.0%-35.4% to 7.3%-41.6%) and retention (from 4.05%-20.53% to 14.45%-61.3%) of zinc, whereas calcium only cell uptake showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) after removing phytate from most of the samples analyzed. A positive relationship (P < 0.05) between mineral solubility and the cell uptake and transport efficiencies was observed. CONCLUSION:Removing phytate from infant cereals had a beneficial effect on iron and zinc bioavailability when infant cereals were reconstituted with water. Since in developing countries cereal-based complementary foods for infants are usually consumed mixed with water, exogenous phytase additions could improve the nutritional value of this weaning food.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Frontela

Scarino²,

Ferruzza³

et al. 2009

WJG

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“…In cell culture, a 1:1 ratio of tannic acid to Fe inhibited 92% of Fe absorption (Glahn and Wortley, 2002). When applied in a more complicated feed matrix as part of a meal, this effect was lessened, but still evident (Yun et al, 2004), suggesting that degree of mineral absorption inhibition is influenced by the presence of other nutrients in the feed matrix during digestion.…”

Section: The Interactions Between Minerals and Condensed Tanninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of condensed tannins in ruminant animal production: advances, limitations and future directions

et al. 2017

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-Tannins represent one of the most abundant polyphenolic compounds in plants. Tannins exist as a multitude of chemically unique entities in nature. The most commonly occurring tannins are typically divided into two major classes based on chemical structure: hydrolysable (HT) or condensed tannins (CT). Hydrolysable tannins are esters of gallic or ellagic acid linked to a polyol core, typically glucose. Condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins consist of flavan-3-ol subunits linked together to form oligomers and polymers. Both HT and CT are defined as astringent, medium-to-high-molecular weight polyphenolic compounds that characteristically bind and precipitate soluble proteins. The objective of this paper was to present recent advances in CT-ruminant interactions, the limitations associated with understanding and using CT in ruminant animal production, and future needs for research to further advance our knowledge of the role of CT in optimization of ruminant animal production. Condensed tannins pose some anti-nutritional problems to ruminants due to their astringent property that reduces feed intake and, consequently, animal performance. Ruminants can, however, tolerate CT by slowly adapting the ruminal microbes to the toxic effects of CT and by releasing CT-binding salivary proteins. The protein-binding ability of CT has some benefits to the ruminant due to complexes formed with essential amino acids, preventing their degradation in the rumen, but releasing them in the lower gut for absorption by the animal. Recent data have suggested increased N retention when CT is given to growing animals. There are potential benefits of using CT and HT for anthelmintic purposes due to their ability to inhibit egg hatching and larval motility of gastrointestinal nematode parasites, especially in small ruminants. Condensed tannins also bind to minerals (Al, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn). Although studies with ruminants have been contradictory, it has been reported that because the CT-metal ion complex is stable over a wide pH range, CT may reduce the bioavailability of minerals. Methane mitigation by feeding CT might be the most impactful benefit for ruminant production. Many empirical equations have been developed to predict ruminal methane emissions, but very few have included CT. Future research should focus on the improvement of methodology to assess CT biological activity, interaction with other plant-specialized metabolites, and associated physiological and nutritional impacts on ruminants.

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“…Phenolic compounds have been reported to have high inhibitory effect on iron absorption (Glahn et al 2002) as well as reduction in protein and carbohydrate digestibility (Emine Nur Herken, 2005). Their presence in foods in high quantities is therefore not desirable.…”

Section: Sensory Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory evaluation, nutritional quality and antinutritional factors of traditionally co-fermented cereals/cowpea mixtures as infant complementary food

Oyarekua¹

2010

ABJNA

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Grains of winnowed cereals and cowpea were weighed in ratio 70:30 w/w (cereal: cowpea) and given to four mothers randomly selected from Well-Baby Clinics. Mothers prepared the mixtures using traditional method of cereal ogi processing. Chemical compositions of obtained mixtures were determined using official standard methods. Proanthocyanidins was by direct sample extraction and absorbance read at 550nm. Total phenol estimation was determined using the Folin & Cioclteu method. Organoleptic properties were determined using 9-point Hedonic scale method. Values of crude protein (%) were comparable in all samples sorghum/cowpea ogi had 11.2; millet/cowpea ogi 10.6 and maize/cowpea ogi 11.0 respectively. Dry matter contents (%) in all samples were comparable. Crude fibre content was higher in millet/cowpea than maize/cowpea and sorghum/cowpea. Phosphorus, magnesium, iron and copper contents (ppm) were higher in millet/cowpea than sorghum/cowpea and maize/cowpea. Values of zinc were comparable in maize/cowpea (1280) and sorghum/cowpea (1150) both of which were significantly higher (p<0.05) than millet/cowpea of 554. Antinutritional factors (ppm) were reduced by cofermentations in all samples. Co-fermentation did not improve the crude protein content, reduced significantly (p<0.05) the mineral contents except zinc and manganese in millet/cowpea. Maize/cowpea ogi was preferred to sorghum/cowpea and millet/cowpea ogi in organoleptic properties.

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Inhibition of Iron Uptake by Phytic Acid, Tannic Acid, and ZnCl₂: Studies Using an In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model

Cited by 174 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

The role of condensed tannins in ruminant animal production: advances, limitations and future directions

Sensory evaluation, nutritional quality and antinutritional factors of traditionally co-fermented cereals/cowpea mixtures as infant complementary food

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Inhibition of Iron Uptake by Phytic Acid, Tannic Acid, and ZnCl2: Studies Using an In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model

Cited by 174 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

The role of condensed tannins in ruminant animal production: advances, limitations and future directions

Sensory evaluation, nutritional quality and antinutritional factors of traditionally co-fermented cereals/cowpea mixtures as infant complementary food

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Inhibition of Iron Uptake by Phytic Acid, Tannic Acid, and ZnCl₂: Studies Using an In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model