Inhibition of metastasis in human gastric cancer cells transfected with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 gene in nude mice

Matrix metalloproteinases in tumorigenesis: an evolving paradigm

“…Conversely, tumor invasion and metastasis can be inhibited by up-regulation of TIMPs in tumor cells. Overexpression of TIMP-1 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of melanoma [101], suppresses human gastric cancer metastasis [102], and prevents oral squamous cell carcinoma progression [99]. Adenoviral transfer of TIMP-3 into HeLa, fibrosarcoma, and melanoma cells inhibits the invasiveness and induces apoptosis [103,104].…”

“…Adenoviral transfer of TIMP-3 into HeLa, fibrosarcoma, and melanoma cells inhibits the invasiveness and induces apoptosis [103,104]. Ectopic expression of TIMP-4 in human breast cancer cells inhibits invasion, metastasis, and tumor growth [102]. In addition to the involvement of MMPs in the late stages of tumorigenesis, there is evidence supporting a role for MMPs at the early stage of carcinogenesis and angiogenesis [46,51,62,105,106].…”

Inhibition of Liver Metastasis from Orthotopically Implanted Colon Cancer in Nude Mice by Transfection of the TIMP-1 Gene into KM12SM Cells

“…[9][10][11][12] Several previous studies have demonstrated that TIMPs, expressed either endogenously or exogenously, inhibited primary tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in several tumors including gastrointestinal carcinoma. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Interestingly, both the invasiveness and tumorigenic potential of murine 3T3 cells were conferred when TIMP production was impaired by an antisense approach. 20,21 In particular, TIMP-1 is thought to be implicated in the regulation of MMP-9 activity, because TIMP-1 forms a complex with proMMP-9 immediately after secretion, 22 as TIMP-2 combines with proMMP-2, 10.23 and MMP-9 can form homodimers in the absence of TIMP-1.…”

Induction of apoptosis in metastatic foci from human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice and reduction of circulating tumor cells in blood by 5-FU and 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil

“…(1) Subcutaneously transplanted HY-1 tumors metastasize to the lung spontaneously with 100% incidence and form many foci there, allowing reliable and quantitative evaluation of metastases. Several liver metastasis models of human gastric cancer, introduced into nude mice by orthotopic transplantation techniques have been reported, but liver metastasis models are still problematic in that the incidence of metastasis is relatively low, making quanti®cation dicult, and there is some possibility of direct invasion from disseminated tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity (Watanabe et al 1996;Kanai et al 1997). …”