Inhibition of nociceptive evoked activity in spinal neurons through a dorsal column-brainstem-spinal loop

Saadé, Nayef E.; Tabet, Munther S.; Banna, N. R.; Atweh, Samir; Jabbur, Suhayl J.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90627-4

Cited by 59 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…On the other hand SCS did not affect inhibitory responses to CRD. Generally, observations were similar to previous studies in which SCS effects were examined on noxious somatic inputs in STT and spinal neurons of monkeys and rats (Foreman et al 1976;Lindblom et al 1977;Saade et al 1985;Yakhnisa et al 1999;Wallin et al 2003) and on cardiac inputs in STT neurons of monkeys (Chandler et al 1993). Therefore, SCS does not only affect spinal neuronal processing for somatic afferent inputs but also modulates spinal neuronal responses to noxious visceral stimulation such as colorectal distension.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It should be noted that supraspinal sites are not required because electrical excitation of dorsal column in the present study and previous studies (Yakhnitsa et al, 1999;Foreman et al, 1976;Chandler et al, 1993;Myerson and Linderoth, 2003) and chemical activation C1-C2 neurons in other studies (Qin et al 1999;2004) still exert effects on activity of the spinal neurons with visceral inputs after cervicomedullary spinal transection. The results of SCS do not agree with studies showing that supraspinal pathways are required to activate the inhibitory (El-Khoury et al 2002;Rees and Roberts 1989;Saade et al 1985). Presently, this controversy has not been resolved.…”

Section: Modulatory Pathways and Mechanism Underlying Scsmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Spinal cord stimulation modulates intraspinal colorectal visceroreceptive transmission in rats

Qin

Lehew

Khan

et al. 2007

Neuroscience Research

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Previous studies have shown that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) of upper lumbar segments decreases visceromotor responses to mechanical stimuli in a sensitized rat colon and reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in patients. SCS applied to the upper cervical spinal dorsal column reduces pain of chronic refractory angina. Further, chemical stimulation of C1-C2 propriospinal neurons in rats modulates the responses of lumbosacral spinal neurons to colorectal distension. The present study was designed to compare the effects of upper cervical and lumbar SCS on activity of lumbosacral neurons receiving noxious colorectal input. Extracellular potentials of L6-S2 spinal neurons were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated male rats. SCS (50 Hz, 0.2 ms) at low intensity (90% of motor threshold) was applied to the dorsal column of upper cervical (C1-C2) or upper lumbar (L2-L3) ipsilateral spinal segments. Colorectal distension (CRD, 20, 40, 60 mmHg, 20 s) was produced by air inflation of a latex balloon. Results showed that SCS applied to L2-L3 and C1-C2 segments significantly reduced the excitatory responses to noxious CRD from 417.6±68.0 imp to 296.3±53.6 imp (P<0.05, n=24) and from 336.2±64.5 imp to 225.0±73.3 imp (P<0.05, n= 18), respectively. Effects of L2-L3 and C1-C2 SCS lasted 10.2±1.9 min and 8.0 ±0.9 min after offset of CRD. Effects of SCS were observed on spinal neurons with either high or low threshold excitatory responses to CRD. However, L2-L3 or C1-C2 SCS did not significantly affect inhibitory neuronal responses to CRD. C1-C2 SCS-induced effects were abolished by cutting the C7-C8 dorsal column but not by spinal transection at cervicomedullary junction. These data demonstrated that upper cervical or lumbar SCS modulated responses of lumbosacral spinal neurons to noxious mechanical stimulation of the colon, thereby, proved two loci for a potential therapeutic effect of SCS in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and other colonic disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Modulatory Pathways and Mechanism Underlying Scsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Spinal cord stimulation modulates intraspinal colorectal visceroreceptive transmission in rats

Qin

Lehew

Khan

et al. 2007

Neuroscience Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…22 However, it has also been reported that the C-fiber flexor reflex can be significantly attenuated, but this observation was made in normal, intact animals. 23 Recently, the effect of SCS on long-term potentiation (LTP) has been investigated. 24 It was found that the duration of the LTP response to C-fiber activation was significantly decreased, from about 6 hours to about 30 minutes.…”

Section: Neurophysiological Mechanisms Studied In Animal Models Of Nementioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of Action of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Neuropathic Pain

Meyerson

Linderoth

2006

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

143

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Spinal cord stimulation emerged as a spin-off from the classical gate-control theory, which, however, does not suffice to explain its clinical effects. Whether or not nociceptive forms of pain may be attenuated remains a controversial issue. Previous experimental studies aiming at elucidating the underlying mechanisms were performed on intact, anesthetized animals and were therefore of limited clinical relevance.

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“…4,5,28,29 , Based on the gate control theory, 31 it is believed that electrical stimulation of large diameter afferent fibers in the dorsal column can inhibit intrasegmental transmission of nociceptive information, although activation of supraspinal circuits may also be involved. 10,28,29,44,47 SCS can suppresses excitatory responses of spinothalamic tract neurons (STT) and spinal neurons to noxious somatic stimuli in monkeys 12 and cats, 27 and SCS also inhibits hyperexcitability or long-term potentiation of dorsal horn neurons responding to stimulation of noxious somatic afferents in rats. 50,52 These studies describe effects of SCS on spinal neuronal activity associated with noxious somatic afferent inputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromodulation of Thoracic Intraspinal Visceroreceptive Transmission by Electrical Stimulation of Spinal Dorsal Column and Somatic Afferents in Rats

Qin¹,

Farber²,

Linderoth³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Pain

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Clinical studies have shown that neuromodulation therapies, such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), reduce symptoms of chronic neuropathic and visceral pain. The neural mechanisms underlying SCS and TENS therapy are poorly understood. The present study was designed to compare the effects of SCS and TENS on spinal neuronal responses to noxious stimuli applied to the heart and esophagus. Direct stimulation of an intercostal nerve (ICNS) was used to simulate the effects of TENS. Extracellular potentials of left thoracic (T3) spinal neurons were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated male rats. SCS (50 Hz, 0.2 ms, 3-5 min) at a clinical relevant intensity (90% of motor threshold) was applied on the C1-C2 or C8-T1 ipsilateral spinal segments. Intercostal nerve stimulation (ICNS) at T3 spinal level was performed using the same parameters as SCS. Intrapericardial injection of bradykinin (IB, 10 μg/ml, 0.2 ml, 1 min) was employed as the noxious cardiac stimulus. Noxious thoracic esophageal distension (ED, 0.4 ml, 20 s) was produced by water inflation of a latex balloon. C1-C2 SCS suppressed excitatory responses of 16/22 T3 spinal neurons to IB and 25/30 neurons to ED. C8-T1 SCS suppressed excitatory responses of 10/15 spinal neurons to IB and 17/23 neurons to ED. ICNS suppressed excitatory responses of 9/12 spinal neurons to IB and 17/22 neurons to ED. These data showed that SCS and ICNS modulated excitatory responses of T3 spinal neurons to noxious stimulation of the heart and esophagus.Perspective: Neuromodulation of noxious cardiac and esophageal inputs onto thoracic spinal neurons by spinal cord and intercostal nerves stimulation observed in the present study may help account for therapeutic effects on thoracic visceral pain by activating the spinal dorsal column or somatic afferents.

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Inhibition of nociceptive evoked activity in spinal neurons through a dorsal column-brainstem-spinal loop

Cited by 59 publications

References 15 publications

Spinal cord stimulation modulates intraspinal colorectal visceroreceptive transmission in rats

Spinal cord stimulation modulates intraspinal colorectal visceroreceptive transmission in rats

Mode of Action of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Neuropathic Pain

Neuromodulation of Thoracic Intraspinal Visceroreceptive Transmission by Electrical Stimulation of Spinal Dorsal Column and Somatic Afferents in Rats

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