Inhibition of photosynthesis by ultraviolet radiation as a function of dose and dosage rate: Results for a marine diatom

Cullen, John J.; Lesser, Michael P.

doi:10.1007/bf01319699

Cited by 220 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For the Xenon-Arc lamp, two example spectra from the present study are given: Xe lamp þ WG280, the treatment with the most short-wavelength UVR (long dashes), and Xe lamp þ WG320, a treatment with an intermediate level of UVR (short dash and dots). The spectrum for FS40 UV-B lamp was filtered by cellulose acetate (thin line, modified from Cullen and Lesser, 1991).…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Pigment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological weighting function for xanthophyll de‐epoxidation induced by ultraviolet radiation

Sobrino

Neale

Montero

et al. 2005

Physiologia Plantarum

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The light‐induced de‐epoxidation of xanthophylls is an important photoprotective mechanism in plants and algae. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) can change the extent of xanthophyll de‐epoxidation, but different types of responses have been reported. The de‐epoxidation of violaxanthin (V) to zeaxanthin (Z), via the intermediate antheraxanthin, during exposure to UVR and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) was studied in the marine picoplankter Nannochloropsis gaditana (Eustigmatophyceae) Lubián. Exposures used a filtered xenon lamp, which gives PAR and UVR similar to natural proportions. Exposure to UVR plus PAR increased de‐epoxidation compared with under PAR alone. In addition, de‐epoxidation increased with the irradiance and with the inclusion of shorter wavelengths in the spectrum. The spectral dependence of light‐induced de‐epoxidation under UVR and PAR exposure was well described by a model of epoxidation state (EPS) employing a biological weighting function (BWF). This model fit measured EPS in eight spectral treatments using Schott long pass filters, with six intensities for each filter, with a R2 = 0.90. The model predicts that 56% of violaxanthin is de‐epoxidated, of which UVR can induce as much as 24%. The BWF for EPS was similar in shape to the BWF for UVR inhibition of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in N. gaditana but with about 22‐fold lower effectiveness. These results demonstrate a connection between the presence of de‐epoxidated Z and the inhibition under UVR exposures in N. gaditana. Nevertheless, they also indicate that de‐epoxidation is insufficient to prevent UVR inhibition in this species.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Pigment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological weighting function for xanthophyll de‐epoxidation induced by ultraviolet radiation

Sobrino

Neale

Montero

et al. 2005

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…The inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis by UV is one effect of major ecological significance, although it is not the only type of damage that can occur (Vincent and Neale 2000 and references therein). Numerous studies have shown that UV-B and UV-A inhibit photosynthesis in natural populations (Helbling et al 1992;Smith et al 1992;Behrenfeld et al 1993;Neale et al 1994) and cultures (Cullen and Lesser 1991;Cullen et al 1992;Neale et al 1998a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet radiation sensitivity of photosynthesis in phytoplankton from an estuarine environment

Banaszak

Neale

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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We have studied temporal variation in the sensitivity of phytoplankton photosynthesis to inhibition by ultraviolet radiation (UV; 280-400 nm) using biological weighting functions (BWFs) that quantify the biological effect of different wavelengths of UV. Variations in irradiance-dependent BWFs were evaluated for natural phytoplankton assemblages from the Rhode River, a shallow subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, from October 1994 to July 1996. Phytoplankton assemblages were sensitive to UV throughout the year. Rhode River assemblages are inhibited more strongly in the UV-B (280-320 nm), particularly below 300 nm, but there is a significant influence well into the UV-A (320-400 nm). There was no inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis by photosynthetically available radiation (400-700 nm), but there was significant seasonal variation in the saturated rate of photosynthesis (P ) and in the light saturation parameter (E s ). There was little variation in seasonal average BWFs through the Ϫ2 ]) and in the spectral shape or relative effect of UV-B versus UV-A, which may be due to changes in species composition, light, temperature, and nutrient availability. Comparison of the most sensitive assemblage (spring) with the least sensitive assemblage (winter) indicates that these BWFs are close to the upper and lower bounds in sensitivity for irradiance-dependent BWFs from all natural and cultured phytoplankton populations. The average, absolute spectral weightings for inhibition of photosynthesis in assemblages from the Rhode River are similar to an average BWF for Antarctic assemblages.

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“…5) seems to indicate surprisingly low influence of dynamic adaptation. This could occur if the rate of dynamic adjustment (time period to attain steady-state) was much faster in the Lake Lucerne assemblage than the 30 min observed by Cullen and Lesser (1991), also if any lag in inhibition is matched by a corresponding lag in recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Time course of calculated parameters of UV-inhibition in bottles with high UV (quartz, solid line) and with low UV (Duran, dotted line) moved at a circular path between surface and 14 m depth, September 15, 1999. Top: biologically effective fluence rate for inhibition of photosynthesis E* inh , bottom: relative production P/P max Lesser (1991) speculated that a certain time period (in their experiments with a marine diatom ca. 30 min) is necessary to balance UV damage and repair mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of UV on carbon assimilation of phytoplankton in a mixed water column

et al. 2001

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Carbon assimilation is usually measured at fairly constant light intensities. Under natural conditions, however, planktonic algae are moved through the water column and experience light of fluctuating intensity and spectral composition. They may cope with strong UV for a short residence in the upper water layer. In order to estimate the effects of UV on primary production of phytoplankton under conditions of turbulent mixing, we compared carbon assimilation and exudation of algae incubated in UV-transparent quartz and in UV-absorbing glass bottles which were moved through different water layers. Computer-controlled elevators were used to simulate mixing depths between 2 and 14 meters. Compared to the glass bottles, particulate C assimilation in the quartz bottles was reduced by 20 -30 % at mixing depths between 2 and 10 m. There was no significant difference between both types of incubation bottles at a mixing depth of 14 m. Exudation was enhanced by UV near the water surface (mixing depth up to 4 m) but not in the deep-mixed samples. Our results indicate serious damage of planktonic algae by UV even under conditions of vertical mixing if the euphotic zone exceeds the mixing depth. Depression was low for circulation through the whole euphotic zone and may disappear at even deeper mixing. Our results indicate lower photoinhibition per UV dosage at fluctuating than at constant light intensities. A model predicting inhibition as function of weighted irradiance spectra was adapted to describe wavelength dependent photoinhibition occurring at different mixing depths. The model results agreed very well with the inhibition rates measured under fluctuating light. These preliminary results are used to discuss the importance of UV on photosynthesis of planktonic algae in aquatic environments of different mixing depths and stabilities of stratification.

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Inhibition of photosynthesis by ultraviolet radiation as a function of dose and dosage rate: Results for a marine diatom

Cited by 220 publications

References 39 publications

Biological weighting function for xanthophyll de‐epoxidation induced by ultraviolet radiation

Biological weighting function for xanthophyll de‐epoxidation induced by ultraviolet radiation

Ultraviolet radiation sensitivity of photosynthesis in phytoplankton from an estuarine environment

Effects of UV on carbon assimilation of phytoplankton in a mixed water column

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