“…To date, there have been numerous mRNAs identified as translationally regulated targets of MNK, including those encoding cytokines IL-17 (32) and pro-inflammatory TNF␣ (79), the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 (28), ribosomal proteins S19 and L32 (19), proteins involved in cell proliferation (CDK2, CDK8, CDK9, HIF-1␣, KAP1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PIAS1, and RASSF1 (19)), proteins involved in cell cycle progression (cyclins A, B, D1, and D3 (19,78)), cancer-related proteins (HER2 (21), VEGF (35), and IRF-1 (84)), transcription factors (RFLAT-1 (46), CHOP (85), and -catenin (25)), and neuronal proteins (Arc, ␣CaMKII, PKM-, calmodulin, BDNF (86), and PEM1 (20)). Translation of many of these mRNAs is also responsive to eIF4E levels, indicating a cap-and eIF4E-dependent mechanism of translation: HIF-1␣ (19), HER2 (21), Mcl-1 (28), cyclin D1 (87,78), VEGF (88), RFLAT-1 (46), -catenin (25), and Arc (86). Recently, ribosomal profiling of IL-6-stimulated multiple myeloma cells revealed more than 160 mRNA targets that were translationally inhibited by expression of the phosphodefective eIF4E variant eIF4E(S209A) (89).…”