Inhibition of pupariation and adult development in <i>Calliphora vomitoria</i> treated with ivermectin

Strong, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1986.tb00523.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Such sub-lethal effects on development following avermectin treatment have previously been reported in a number of insect species. Avermectin exposure has been shown to inhibit processes leading to pupariation and adult development in two other Dipteran species, the face fly Musca autumnalis (Meyer etal., 1980) and Calliphora vomitoria (Strong, 1986). Other sublethal effects such as anti-feeding behaviour and reproductive disturbances following avermectin exposure have also been reported (reviewed by Strong & Brown, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of avermectin B₁ on developmental stability in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry

Clarke

Ridsdill-Smith

1990

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Fluctuating asymmetry is used as an indicator of developmental stability to assess the effect of exposure to Avermectin B1 on normal developmental processes in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker (Diptera: Muscidae). Flies breeding in dung from cattle treated with Avermectin B1 were found to be significantly more asymmetric for two morphometric characters (wing vein lengths), than those breeding in dung from either untreated cattle or cattle treated with Levamisole‐HCl at times when fly survival was not affected by the treatments. Fluctuating asymmetry is shown to be a valuable means of defining developmental stress in situations where conventional estimates such as survival show no response. Résumé Mesure par la fluctuation de l'asymétrie de l'effet de l'avermectine B, sur la régularité du développement de Musca vetustissima La fluctuation de l'asymétrie a été utilisée comme indice de la stabilité du développement pour mettre en évidence l'effet de l'exposition à l'avermectine B1 au cours du développement de M. vetustissima. Les mouches élevées sur bouses de vaches traitées à l'avermectine B, sont devenues significativement plus asymétriques pour 2 caractères morphométriques (longueurs des veines de l'aile) que celles élevées sur bouses de vaches témoins ou de vaches traitées au Levamisole‐HCl, même quand la survie des mouches n'était pas affectée par le traitement. La fluctuation de l'asymétrie s'est avérée un bon critère pour définir des stress pendant le développement, alors que des critères conventionnels comme la survie ne permettent pas de déceler quoi que ce soit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of avermectin B₁ on developmental stability in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry

Clarke

Ridsdill-Smith

1990

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…These are erroneous criteria and conceal the true extent to which avermectins are effective. In blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae, metamorphosis or adult emergence are suppressed many days after topical application of ivermectin at doses much lower than those causing acute larval toxicity (McGarry, 1986a;Strong, 1986aStrong, , 1986bStrong, , 1989. The EC^, for 48 h larval toxicity in the dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria is 0.036 ppm (wet weight), but the EC,*, for adult emergence is only 0.001 ppm.…”

Section: Effects Of Avermectins On Dung-breeding Dipteramentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Knowing the concentrations of avermectins and their various metabolites in dung after different dosing regimes allows controlled laboratory tests to be designed to define the impact of the drugs in the same way that topical applications have been assessed in other studies (McGarry, 1986a(McGarry, , 1986b(McGarry, , 1988Strong, 1986aStrong, , 1986b. Few analyses of avermectin concentrations have been published, with the exception of an early report that ivermectin is eliminated in cattle faeces at 0.353 ppm during the first week after injection (Merck et al, 1983).…”

Section: Levels Of Ivermectin In the Faecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avermectins: a review of their impact on insects of cattle dung

Strong

1992

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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117

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Avermectins administered to cattle for control of parasitic infections by injection or slow-release bolus are excreted in the faeces and have a variety of harmful effects upon Diptera and Coleoptera that develop in cow-pats: these effects are reviewed. Diptera Cyclorrhapha are severely affected, the extent of the response depending on the drug concentration in the dung. At high levels, larvae are killed or paralysed while at lower levels their metamorphosis is inhibited. At very low levels, adult emergence is reduced and a significant number of imagines show morphological abnormalities. These responses are induced by concentrations of avermectins well below levels occurring in faeces after routine treatment. Diptera Nematocera are less sensitive than Cyclorrhapha but larval and pupal development are affected at higher dose levels. Larval dung beetles and some immature adults cannot survive in the pats of recently dosed livestock. Mature adult beetles are more resistant, but contact with treated dung leads to impaired reproduction. Dung eliminated up to 5 weeks after cattle have been treated with a single injection or up to 14 days after topical dosing shows harmful activity against dung insects, and ivermectin-containing pats retain much of their toxicity after several weeks exposure on pastureland. The impact on dung insects is more pronounced and of longer duration when ivermectin is delivered daily at 40 (ig per kg cow by sustained-release bolus. Following topical or injection treatments, the rate of cow-pat degradation (measured by actual loss of biomass) is significantly delayed. When cattle are treated with a bolus delivering 40 mg ivermectin per kg cow per day, their dung remains intact on grassland for at least three months. The conclusions drawn from the various papers on these effects are compared and contrasted. In particular, attention is drawn to the general failure to recognize the importance of delayed reactions to non-lethal doses of avermectins, and to our lack of consideration of long-term consequences for cow-pat insects and the wider implications for ecology.

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“…Several studies have shown ivermectin to affect insect development and physiology (e.g. Strong, 1986;Clarke & Ridsdill-Smith, 1990;Cook, 1991;Strong & James, 1992;Gover & Strong, 1995;Krüger & Scholtz, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fourth mechanism may be the indirect effects of faecal residues on parasitoids mediated by changes in host quality. Ivermectin can prolong development (Strong, 1986), elevate asymmetry (Clarke & Ridsdill-Smith, 1990;Strong & James, 1992), and reduce the fecundity (Cook, 1991;Gover & Strong, 1995;Krüger & Scholtz, 1995) of coprophilous insects. The development and behaviour of parasitoids is influenced by differences (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect effects of ivermectin residues across trophic levels:Musca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) andMuscidifurax zaraptor(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Floate

Fox

1999

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Common house flies,Musca domesticaLinnaeus, were reared to pupation with exposure to ivermectin, washed, and then exposed to parasitism byMuscidifurax zaraptorKogan & Legner. Pupae exposed to ≥ 0.25 ppm ivermectin produced 63% fewer parasitoids than did control pupae. Pupae exposed to 0.01 ppm ivermectin produced 23% more parasitoids. Exposure to 0.10 ppm ivermectin had no detectable effect. Treatments did not affect the developmental time of male or female F1parasitoids. Treatments did not affect the production of adult F2progeny by F1females, nor the sex ratios of these offspring. This study documents an indirect effect of ivermectin residues across trophic levels. It identifies altered host quality as another mechanism by which faecal residues of ivermectin may affect insect activity in dung of treated cattle. The importance of this phenomenon under field conditions is undetermined.

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Inhibition of pupariation and adult development in Calliphora vomitoria treated with ivermectin

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

The effect of avermectin B₁ on developmental stability in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry

The effect of avermectin B₁ on developmental stability in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry

Avermectins: a review of their impact on insects of cattle dung

Indirect effects of ivermectin residues across trophic levels:Musca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) andMuscidifurax zaraptor(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

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Inhibition of pupariation and adult development in Calliphora vomitoria treated with ivermectin

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

The effect of avermectin B1 on developmental stability in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry

The effect of avermectin B1 on developmental stability in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry

Avermectins: a review of their impact on insects of cattle dung

Indirect effects of ivermectin residues across trophic levels:Musca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) andMuscidifurax zaraptor(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

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The effect of avermectin B₁ on developmental stability in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry

The effect of avermectin B₁ on developmental stability in the bush fly, Musca vetustissima, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry