Inhibition of Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) by shikonin attenuates isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction via reduction in inflammation, hypoxia, apoptosis, and fibrosis

Rihan, Mohd; Sharma, Shyam Sunder

doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02593-4

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…It has been used in traditional medical systems to treat various diseases with few side effects and is known for its multiple pharmacological potentials, such as anti-cancer, anti-thrombotic, and neuroprotective functions [124]. SK treats acute myocardial infarction [125], acute lung injury [126], and rheumatoid arthritis [127] by inhibiting apoptosis. Studies have also found that SK can treat OA through anti-apoptotic effects.…”

Section: Shikoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals against Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Apoptosis

Kong,

Han,

Dmitrii

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that causes pathological changes in articular cartilage, synovial membrane, or subchondral bone. Conventional treatments for OA include surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical treatment is suitable for patients in the terminal stage of OA. It is often the last choice because of the associated risks and high cost. Medication of OA mainly includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, hyaluronic acid, and cortico-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these drugs often have severe side effects and cannot meet the needs of patients. Therefore, safe and clinically appropriate long-term treatments for OA are urgently needed. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which is a kind of physiologic cell suicide determined by heredity and conserved by evolution. Inhibition of apoptosis-related pathways has been found to prevent and treat a variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis can destroy cartilage homeostasis and aggravate the pathological process of OA. Therefore, inhibition of apoptosis-related factors or signaling pathways has become an effective means to treat OA. Phytochemicals are active ingredients from plants, and it has been found that phytochemicals can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of OA by inhibiting apoptosis. We summarize preclinical and clinical studies of phytochemicals for the treatment of OA by inhibiting apoptosis. The results show that phytochemicals can treat OA by targeting apoptosis-related pathways. On the basis of improving some phytochemicals with low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and high toxicity by nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, and at the same time undergoing strict clinical and pharmacological tests, phytochemicals can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for OA and may be applied in clinical settings.

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