Inhibition of Radiation-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Lung Tissue: May Acetylsalicylic Acid Have a Positive Role?

Abstract

The lung is relatively sensitive to irradiation. It is shown that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) might reduce oxidative injury and that it has a place in protection from cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential radioprotective effects of ASA. Whole-body irradiation (6 Gy, single dose) was applied to the rats. Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the lung tissue were measured. Control (C), Radiation (R), Radiation + ASA (R + ASA; received irradiation and 25 mg/kg of ASA intraperitoneally (i.p.)), and Radiation + Amifostine (R + WR-2721; received irradiation and 200 mg/kg of WR-2721 i.p.) groups were used. The MPO levels decreased statistically significantly in the group administered ASA. Histopathologically, a radioprotective effect of ASA was more evident in the R + ASA group. ASA is an agent which has not been used as a radioprotector in the clinic yet, and it is worth supporting with more advanced studies.

Pharmacoprophylactic and Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches to Mitigating the Damaging Effects of Ionizing Radiation: Review of Information Sources

“…Вміст кисню в клітинах в свою чергу визначається рівнем васкуляризації і станом мікроциркуляції в тканинах, швидкістю місцевого кровотоку, проникністю клітинних мембран для кисню та його розчинність в субклітинних структурах клітини, а також від інтенсивності споживання кисню клітинами [72,53,41,10].…”

Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy—A Hypothesis-Driven Review

“…Aspirin was found to reduce radiation-induced renal functional damage in mice after two irradiations but with clinically relevant fractionated irradiation schedules no significant reduction could be observed [ 93 , 94 ]. Recently, aspirin was evaluated in whole-body irradiated rats revealing antioxidant effects on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as myeloperoxidase levels but no differences in histopathology were observed in lung tissue after single whole-body irradiation with a median lethal dose [ 95 ]. The clinical evidence for radioprotective action for aspirin is not conclusive.…”

“…Based on these experiments we hypothesize that antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors show bifunctional action on two essential pathways of radiation induced normal tissue injury, acting metaphorically speaking as a double-edged sword. Up to now, the effect of COX inhibitors on antioxidant parameters during and after radiotherapy has been described only in two cases (aspirin [ 95 ], celecoxib [ 125 ]) and, as one conclusion of the authors, a wide variety of antioxidant COX inhibitors known from the literature have to be thoroughly investigated in the future in this regard.…”

HSP27 inhibitor attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation

“…Radiation therapy is widely used to treat thoracic cancers 1 . However, lung tissues are relatively sensitive to radiation 2 . Consequently, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is classified as early-phase pneumonitis, and about 13–37% of patients receiving radiotherapy for lung cancer were susceptible to developing radiation pneumonitis 3 or late-phase fibrosis.…”