Inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenases of the 1A subfamily as putative anticancer agents: Kinetic characterization and effect on human cancer cells

Evaluation of spice and herb as phyto-derived selective modulators of human retinaldehyde dehydrogenases using a simple in vitro method

“…atRAL was freshly prepared on the day of an assay with concentration determined by absorption spectroscopy as previously described [54]. For determination of the effects of magnesium ions and His-tag on the activity of RALDHs/ALDH2, assays with 20 μl of 4.6 μM His-tagged or untagged enzyme in buffer E (final concentration: 460 nM), 20 μl of 1 mM NAD + (final concentration: 100 μM) and initiated by the addition of 20 μl of 120 μM atRAL substrate dissolved in ethanol (final concentration: 12 μM) were separately conducted in three HEPES-based buffers (total volume: 200 μl) with and without magnesium as follows: RB1 (20 mM HEPES pH 8.5, 150 mM KCl, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 20% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) [20]), RB2 (50 mM HEPES pH 8.0, 50 mM KCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 5% MPD) and RB3 (50 mM HEPES pH 8.0, 50 mM KCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT, 5% MPD and 30 mM MgCl 2 [55]). For determination of the effects of various spice and herb extracts on RALDHs/ALDH2, assays with 20 μl of 4.0 μM untagged enzyme in buffer E (final concentration: 400 nM), 20 μl of 1 mM NAD + (final concentration: 100 μM), 20 μl of extract (final concentration: 5% of reaction mixture) in ethanol 60% and initiated by the addition of 20 μl of 120 μM atRAL substrate dissolved in ethanol (final concentration: 12 μM) were conducted in RB1 for RALDH1/2 and ALDH2 or buffer RB3 for RALDH3 (total volume: 200 μl).…”

The interaction of disulfiram and H2S metabolism in inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and liver cancer cell growth

“…1) 18,19 . It has also been proposed that ALDH may directly metabolize chemotherapeutics, inactivating drugs such as cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel and doxorubicin before they can fulfill their intended purpose 20,21 . Due to these robust MDR mechanisms, ALDH expressing cell lines are resistant to several common chemotherapies, including etoposide, cisplatin, and fluorouracil 22 .…”

“…Previous work showed that H2S may act a novel inhibitor of ALDH activity 20 . We expanded upon this finding and examined the effects of H2S on both ALDH activity and expression.…”

ALDH1 and SALL4 Expression in Cell Block Samples from Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma and Malignant Pleural Effusion

“…Histological analysis of ALDH1 expression using lung tissue samples revealed a correlation between its expression and poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer [11][12][13]. Thus, inhibition of ALDH activity is expected to effectively eradicate the drug-tolerant CSC subpopulation during lung cancer treatment [14].…”