Inhibitory activities of acteoside, isoacteoside, and its structural constituents against protein glycation in vitro

Abstract

BackgroundAdvanced glycation end products (AGE) are substances that can induce insulin resistance in adipocyte, hepatocyte and muscle cells. This resistance correlates highly with cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications. Acteoside (A), a phenylethanoid glycoside, is an active compound in several plants and traditional herbal medicines. Acteoside, its structural isomer, isoacteoside (I), and their constituents, caffeic acid (C) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (D), were used in the study to investigate the inhibitory activity against AGE formations in vitro.ResultsAGE formations were detected by anti-(Nϵ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (anti-CML), using bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glucose (glc) and BSA/galactose (gal) as models, or by anti-argpyrimidine (anti-AP), using BSA/methylglyoxal (MGO) as models. It was found that A, I, C, or D, each at 5 mM, could attenuate the CML formations detected by ELISA in the BSA/gal model of a 3-day or 5-day reaction, and showed significant differences (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001) compared to the control. However, these compounds showed a minor effect after a 7-day incubation. It was also found that C or D could lower the CML formations in the BSA/glc model and showed significant differences (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) compared to the control after a 3-day, 5-day and 7-day reaction. It was found that A, I, C, or D, each at 0.5 mM or 5 mM, could attenuate the AP formations in the BSA/MGO model of a 3-day reaction and showed significant differences (P < 0.001) compared to the control.ConclusionsThe results suggest the potential anti-glycation activities of A and I in vitro may apply to cell models at higher glucose concentrations or to diabetic animal models, and need further investigation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Chemical characterization and biological activity in young sesame leaves (Sesamum indicum L.) and changes in iridoid and polyphenol content at different growth stages

“…Of the compounds, acteoside ( P5 ) and isoacteoside ( P6 ) had high DPPH radical scavenging activity, ORAC activity, and inhibitory activity of BSA glycation, while iridoids ( I1 , I2 and I3 ) had no antioxidant and antiglycation activities. There are plenty of reports on the antioxidant and antiglycation activities of the compounds identified in this study, particularly acteoside and isoacteoside [ 27 – 32 ], and the activities we observed were almost similar to previous reports. Given the amount present of the compounds and their activities, acteoside ( P5 ) makes a major contribution to the antioxidant and antiglycation activities of young sesame leaves.…”

Quantitation of phenylpropanoids and iridoids in insulin‐sensitising extracts of Leonurus sibiricus L. (Lamiaceae)

“…Literature reports on anti‐diabetic related effects of phenylpropanoids and iridoids, such as the decrease of advanced glycation end‐products, the improvement of insulin sensitivity, and glycogen phosphorylase‐a as target of these compounds (Liu et al ., ; Vaidya et al ., ). Acetylharpagide, an iridoid glycoside present in Leonurus sibiricus , decreased the blood glucose levels of alloxan‐induced diabetic mice by 29% after 2 h of treatment (Ahmed et al ., ).…”

Antiglycation, radical scavenging, and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibitory activities of acetohydroxamic acid in vitro

“…The fluorescence detection (340–370 nm for excitation and 420–470 nm for emission) for AGE formation was frequently used in the literature 24,25. ML is one of the well-characterized AGEs;7 however, detection of nonfluorescent CML is mainly performed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS),27 LC/MS/MS,28 ELISA, and/or immunostains 19,20. In this study, the fluorescence measurement and detection of CML formation in the BSA/Gal models were done using two independent methods; acetH showed promising antiglycation results and was further used to investigate CML formation by Western blot assays.…”