Inhibitory activities of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2

Song, Shuang; Peng, Haoran; Wang, Qingling; Liu, Zhengqi; Dong, Xiuping; Wen, Chengrong; Ai, Chunqing; Zhang, Yujiao; Wang, Zhongfu; Zhu, Beiwei

doi:10.1039/d0fo02017f

Cited by 174 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…reacts with the Plpro protein [183]. Sulphated polysaccharides from marine microorganisms like sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and Fucoidan from brown algae can have an excellent inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 [184]. Recent reports revealed a T3 terpenoid isolated from marine sponge Cacospongia mycofinensis inhibits the action of Mpro via hydrogen bond interactions [185].…”

Section: Microbial Metabolites and Compounds From Marine Microorganisms Targeted Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors for COVID-19 Infection that Govern the Severity of Illness

Ghosh¹,

Sarkar

Sepay³

et al. 2021

SciMed. J.

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Coronaviruses have been posing a serious threat to mammals and birds and a new class of SARS-CoV is creating havoc to the world after its first incidence in Wuhan City in China in December 2019. These viruses are mainly responsible for causing serious respiratory tract infections which generally appear initially as the common cold and can be lethal just like SARS-CoV. The problems seem to vary and worsen from one person to another depending on age, gender, ethnicity, blood groups, host genetics, and associated comorbidities. Complications should also arise as this virus keeps mutating and evolving. This review points out the various underlying causes behind the severity of the illness and the mechanisms associated with it. This review will help society to understand the risks and severities associated with COVID-19. Individuals with health complexities and predispositions listed in this review are the most vulnerable in terms of severity and should take every possible measure to protect themselves from getting infected. As a consequence, this will lead to a decrease in mortality rates arising from COVID-19. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0302-9 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Microbial Metabolites and Compounds From Marine Microorganisms Targeted Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors for COVID-19 Infection that Govern the Severity of Illness

Ghosh¹,

Sarkar

Sepay³

et al. 2021

SciMed. J.

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“…This suggests that the fucoidan can potentially inactivate the virus by direct contact [36]. Recently, in vitro tests with two fucoidans extracted from the edible brown algae showed the molecules to be potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 [37]. Crucially, fucoidans clearly outcompeted Remdesivir, which is currently approved for emergency use for severe COVID-19 infections [38].…”

Section: Fucoidansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is done by describing a method of extraction of the particular extract or molecule, describing its antiviral effect against a particular virus or a group of viruses, and/or by presenting the detailed composition of a compound, including algae-derived substances, with antiviral potential. A considerable number of patents (37) protect not only the method for antiviral production but its method of application as well. The remaining five patents focus only on a method for antiviral use.…”

Section: Patent Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Potential of Algal Metabolites—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2021

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Historically, algae have stimulated significant economic interest particularly as a source of fertilizers, feeds, foods and pharmaceutical precursors. However, there is increasing interest in exploiting algal diversity for their antiviral potential. Here, we present an overview of 50-years of scientific and technological developments in the field of algae antivirals. After bibliometric analysis of 999 scientific references, a survey of 16 clinical trials and analysis of 84 patents, it was possible to identify the dominant algae, molecules and viruses that have been shaping and driving this promising field of research. A description of the most promising discoveries is presented according to molecule class. We observed a diverse range of algae and respective molecules displaying significant antiviral effects against an equally diverse range of viruses. Some natural algae molecules, like carrageenan, cyanovirin or griffithsin, are now considered prime reference molecules for their outstanding antiviral capacity. Crucially, while many algae antiviral applications have already reached successful commercialization, the large spectrum of algae antiviral capacities already identified suggests a strong potential for future expansion of this field.

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“…People showed that marine polysaccharide may inhibit SARS-Cov-2 infection (Song S, et al 2020), however the convinced targeting molecule and mechanism are still unknown. SARS-CoV-2 includes two open reading frames ORF1a and ORF1b (Yin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Crude Polysaccharide 375 Was a Potent Inhibitor Of Sars-cov-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterization of cocktail-like targeting polysaccharides fromEcklonia kuromeOkam and their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activitiesinvitro

Ding

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent responsible for the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Investigation has confirmed that polysaccharide heparan sulfate can bind to the spike protein and block SARS-CoV-2 infection. Theoretically, similar structure of nature polysaccharides may also have the impact on the virus. Indeed, some marine polysaccharide has been reported to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 infection in vitro, however the convinced targets and mechanism are still vague. By high throughput screening to target 3CLpro enzyme, a key enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the viral replication and transcription using nature polysaccharides library, we discover the mixture polysaccharide 375 from seaweed Ecklonia kurome Okam completely block 3Clpro enzymatic activity (IC50, 0.48 µM). Further, the homogeneous polysaccharide 37502 from the 375 may bind to 3CLpro molecule well (kD value : 4.23 × 10−6). Very interestingly, 37502 also can potently disturb spike protein binding to ACE2 receptor (EC50, 2.01 µM). Importantly, polysaccharide 375 shows good anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activity in cell culture with EC50 values of 27 nM (99.9% inhibiting rate at the concentration of 20 µg/mL), low toxicity (LD50: 136 mg/Kg on mice). By DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, 37501, 37502 and 37503 polysaccharides are purified from native 375. Bioactivity test show that 37501 and 37503 may impede SARS-Cov-2 infection and virus replication, however their individual impact on the virus is significantly less that of 375. Surprisingly, polysaccharide 37502 has no inhibition effect on SARS-Cov-2. The structure study based on monosaccharide composition, methylation, NMR spectrum analysis suggest that 375 contains guluronic acid, mannuronic acid, mannose, rhamnose, glucouronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and fucose with ratio of 1.86 : 9.56 : 6.81 : 1.69 : 1.00 : 1.75 : 1.19 : 11.06 : 4.31 : 23.06. However, polysaccharide 37502 is an aginate which composed of mannuronic acid (89.3 %) and guluronic acid (10.7 %), with the molecular weight (Mw) of 27.9 kDa. These results imply that mixture polysaccharides 375 works better than the individual polysaccharide on SARS-Cov-2 may be the cocktail-like polysaccharide synergistic function through targeting multiple key molecules implicated in the virus infection and replication. The results also suggest that 375 may be a potential drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2.

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Inhibitory activities of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the world at an unprecedented rate. In the present study, 4 marine sulfated...

Cited by 174 publications

References 21 publications

Factors for COVID-19 Infection that Govern the Severity of Illness

Factors for COVID-19 Infection that Govern the Severity of Illness

Antiviral Potential of Algal Metabolites—A Comprehensive Review

Structural characterization of cocktail-like targeting polysaccharides fromEcklonia kuromeOkam and their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activitiesinvitro

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