Inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of <i>Artemisia</i> spp. on SARS‐CoV‐2 replication <i>in vitro</i>

Abstract

Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of some Artemisia spp. growing in the Novosibirsk region for SARS‐CoV‐2 replication.Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS‐CoV‐2/human/RUS/Nsk‐FRCFTM‐1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Dry ethanol extracts of plant parts (stems, flowers, leaves) of six types of Artemisia were prepared. The types used were: A. vulgaris L.; A. glauca (Pall. Ex Willd.); A. dracunculus L. (from three growth locations); A. absinthium L.; A. frigida Willd.; and A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts against SARS‐CoV‐2 (an infectious titer of 103 TCID50/ml) replication was performed in a Vero E6 cell culture. To do this, the method of direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions, as well as schemes of “preventive” and “therapeutic” of cells, were used. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of Inonotus obliquus, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Camellia sinensis L.Results. Extracts of leaves of Artemisia spp. proved to be most effective in direct inactivation of virions. By equal and decreasing activity these are the species: A. vulgaris; A. dracunculus*; A. absinthium; A. dracunculus***; A. dracunculus**; A. frigidа; A. glauca; and A. sieversiana with a 50% effective concentration of range 1.10±0.24 – 11.72±2.89 μg/ml. Extracts of flowers of A. vulgaris, A.glauca, A. dracunculus*, A. dracunculus**, A. dracunculus***, A. frigida and A. sieversiana also contain biologically active substances which act both destructively on virions and after the virus has entered cells. For extracts of stems consistently high values of EC50 were found for A. glauca (6.84±1.35; 7.81±2.00 and 14.06±3.06 μg/ml) according to the results of three experimental schemes.Conclusion. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of inexpensive domestic drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of COVID‐19.

Historical texts as a potential resource for plant-derived natural products against SARS-CoV-2 – the example of theReceptariumof Burkhard III von Hallwyl from 16th century Switzerland

“…Only three of the plant species in our sample appear to have so far been investigated specifically for their in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, namely Salvia officinalis L. (Le-Trilling et al, 2022;Farzam et al, 2024), Artemisia vulgaris L. (Kazachinskaia, 2022), Sambucus nigra L. (Eggers et al, 2022;Leka et al, 2022).…”

Investigation of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of <i>Silene</i> spp. (Caryophylaceae) and <i>Serratula cupuliformis</i> (Asteraceae) on the «entry» of herpes simplex type 2 into sensitive cells of the Vero line

“…В качестве препаратов сравнения (контрольных образцов) использовали приготовленные нами сухие этанольные экстракты (вытяжка 70%-ным этанолом в течение семи суток) плодового тела чаги (Inonotus obliquus (Pers.) Pilat, Hymenochaetaceae) и специи гвоздики (Syzygium aromaticum L., Myrtaceae), как описано [31], т.к. для водных экстрактов и вытяжек этого растительного сырья описана анти-HSV-2 активность in vitro при прямой инактивации (нейтрализации) [37; 38].…”