Inhibitory Activity of Shrimp Waste Extracts on Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens

Abstract

(1) Background: This study was aimed at determining the in vitro inhibitory effect of new natural substances obtained by minimal processing from shrimp wastes on fungi and oomycetes in the genera Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, Plenodomus and Phytophthora; the effectiveness of the substance with the highest in vitro activity in preventing citrus and apple fruit rot incited by P. digitatum and P. expansum, respectively, was also evaluated. (2) Methods: The four tested substances, water-extract, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract, were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS-TOF; in vitro preliminary tests were carried out to determine the minimal inhibitory/fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) of the raw dry powder, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract for each pathogen. (3) Results: in the agar-diffusion-assay, nitric-extract showed an inhibitory effect on all pathogens, at all concentrations tested (100, 75, 50 and 25%); the maximum activity was on Plenodomus tracheiphilus, C. gloeosporioides and Ph. nicotianae; the diameters of inhibition halos were directly proportional to the extract concentration; values of MIC and MFC of this extract for all pathogens ranged from 2 to 3.5%; the highest concentrations (50 to 100%) tested in vivo were effective in preventing citrus and apple fruit molds. (4) Conclusions: This study contributes to the search for natural and ecofriendly substances for the control of pre- and post-harvest plant pathogens.

A super absorbent polymer containing copper to control Plenodomus tracheiphilus the causative agent of mal secco disease of lemon

“…However, as a consequence of growing concerns about the long-lasting environmental sustainability of copper-containing pesticides, the employment of these chemicals in agriculture has been increasingly restricted. The research is consequently driven toward ecologically safe strategies for controlling plant diseases; these include the use of antagonists of pathogens ( Tucci et al, 2011 ; Pérez-Tornero et al, 2012 ; Kalai-Grami et al, 2014 , 2016 ; La Spada et al, 2020 ; Hammami et al, 2022 ), bioproducts ( Pangallo et al, 2017a , b , 2021 ; Belgacem et al, 2019 ; Stracquadanio et al, 2020 , 2021 ; El boumlasy et al, 2021 ), enhancer of natural plant defense mechanisms ( La Spada et al, 2021 ), as well as safe chemicals ( Fallanaj et al, 2016 ). Unfortunately, the management of some plant diseases is complicated by aspects related with the same “nature” of the pathogen, determining the partial or total ineffectiveness of the majority of available means of control.…”

“…The antifungal activity of copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ⋅5H 2 O) against P. tracheiphilus isolate Pt 42 was preliminarily assayed in PDA Petri dishes by an agar diffusion test ( Stracquadanio et al, 2020 ; El boumlasy et al, 2021 ). The copper sulfate, in aqueous solution, was tested at the following concentrations: 0.0, 15.0, 50.0, 100.0, and 200.0 mg/mL, corresponding about to a concentration of Cu 2+ ions of 0.0, 60.0, 200.0, 400.0, and 801.0 mM, respectively.…”

Biological Control of Green Mold in Simulated Post-harvest Chain of Citrus Fruit: Efficacy ofCandida oleophilaStrain O and Molecular Insight into Elicitation of Host Immune System

“…The IMZ-sensitive (MIC < 1 μml −1 a.i.) P. digitatum strain P1PP0 used in this study was from the collection of the Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology of the Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment of the University of Catania (Catania, Italy) and was characterized in a previous study (El boumlasy et al, 2021). Before tests, the P. digitatum strain P1PP0 was maintained on Potato Dextrose Agar at 25°C.…”

Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for the Field Detection of Mal Secco Disease byPlenodomus tracheiphilus

“…( P. digitatum and P. italicum ), Phyllosticta citricarpa . Most of them had been characterized at species level in previous studies (El boumlasy et al ., 2021; Demontis et al ., 2008; Riolo et al ., 2021; Rovetto et al ., 2023). Specimens of fungal organisms obtained in this study (Table 2) were molecularly characterized by PCR amplification, analysis and sequencing of specific barcode regions.…”