Inhibitory and Excitatory Effects of Iodobenzene on the Antennal Benzoic Acid Receptor Cells of the Female Silk Moth Bombyx mori L.

Sanchez, María Gabriela de Brito; Kaissling, Karl-Ernst

doi:10.1093/chemse/bji038

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For short odor pulses, odor stimuli (50 μL) were delivered from a Pasteur pipette via a pulse of air (200 mL/min) into the main air stream (2,000 mL/min) as described previously (23,34), except for binary odor mixture experiments (Figs. 3 and 5) in which 100 μL of a premixed odor dilution was added to two filter discs, placed adjacently along the long axis of the Pasteur pipette (54). We observed no difference in the temporal dynamics of odor stimuli using one or two filter discs in our PID measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Temporal coding of odor mixtures in an olfactory receptor neuron

Martelli

Emonet

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Most natural odors are mixtures and often elicit percepts distinct from those elicited by their constituents. This emergence of a unique odor quality has long been attributed to central processing. Here we show that sophisticated integration of olfactory information begins in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in Drosophila. Odor mixtures are encoded in the temporal dynamics as well as in the magnitudes of ORN responses. ORNs can respond to an inhibitory odorant with different durations depending on the level of background excitation. ORNs respond to mixtures with distinctive temporal dynamics that reflect the physicochemical properties of the constituent odorants. The insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), which attenuates odor responses of multiple ORNs, differs from an ORNspecific inhibitor in its effects on temporal dynamics. Our analysis reveals a means by which integration of information from odor mixtures begins in ORNs and provides insight into the contribution of inhibitory stimuli to sensory coding.A fascinating aspect of the sense of smell is that odor mixtures often have distinctive emergent qualities, and their individual constituents are difficult to identify (1). How the emergent quality of an odor mixture arises is unknown. It is believed to originate mainly from information processing in the central nervous system, as in the insect antennal lobe (2-4) and the vertebrate olfactory bulb (5, 6). However, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) also contribute to the integration of olfactory information. For example, some individual rat ORNs respond to a binary odor mixture with response magnitudes, i.e., firing frequencies, that cannot be predicted simply from the responses to its components (7,8). In addition, studies in moths (9-14) and beetles (15) have provided evidence that information about odorants in a mixture can be integrated in the periphery. However, little is known about how information is processed in ORNs. It is unclear, for example, whether individual ORNs are capable of integrating information via means other than simple alterations of their response magnitudes.Equally intriguing in sensory coding is the role of inhibitory stimuli. In taste, certain stimuli inhibit vertebrate sweet receptors (16,17). In olfaction, inhibitory odorants have been identified for olfactory receptors of vertebrates (18-21) and invertebrates (13,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). When delivered as a monomolecular odor stimulus, inhibitors reduce the spontaneous activity of ORNs. However, the low spontaneous activities of most ORNs (13,22,23,27) limit the dynamic range of inhibition, and inhibitory odorants may have greater functional significance when paired with excitatory odorants. Indeed, an inhibitory odorant reduced the intensity of a concurrent excitatory odor stimulus in a human psychophysical study (28), and odorants that inhibited CO 2 -sensing neurons prevented CO 2 -mediated avoidance behaviors in Drosophila (24). However, it is not clear whether a binary mixture of an excitatory stimulus and an inhibito...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Temporal coding of odor mixtures in an olfactory receptor neuron

Martelli

Emonet

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A model based on the excitation and inhibition of odorant receptors has been the possible mechanisms of inhibition (Hallem and Carlson, 2004). The receptor molecule may exist in an active or an inactive conformation, the active one triggering the spontaneous nerve impulse firing (De Brito Sanchez and Kaissling, 2005). Application of this model to the interpretation of our results would suggest that 2-heptanone or trans-2-hexenal bind to the active receptor, while benzaldehyde binds to the inactive form and causes inhibition by shifting the equilibrium between the two forms toward the inactive one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological response patterns of 16 olfactory neurons from the trichoid sensilla to odorant from fecal volatiles in the locust, locusta migratoria manilensis

Cui

Zhang

2011

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Locusts are the most serious pests of crops in greater part of the world. They locate their host plants primarily through olfactory cues, using antennal chemosensilla, which house olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Despite the great economical interest of these species, their olfactory neurons have been poorly investigated at the functional level. In this study, we have used single sensillum recordings (SSRs) to obtain response patterns of ORNs from the antennal trichoid sensilla to various chemicals in the oriental locust Locusta migratoria. On the basis of their spontaneous spike amplitudes, trichoid sensilla could be distinguished into two types, housing two or three ORNs, respectively. These two structural types could be further classified into seven functional subtypes. Nine different odorants that are present in the locust feces were used as stimulants during SSRs. In particular, benzaldehyde elicited inhibitory responses in most of the ORNs tested. Moreover, in a majority of these ORNs, the excitatory responses obtained with trans-2-hexenal or 2-heptanone was inhibited when benzaldehyde was mixed with these stimulants. At least 16 response patterns of these ORNs to nine chemicals were identified by SSRs, suggesting a high complexity of the cellular mechanisms underlying chemoreception in locusts.

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“…Taste sensillae responding to sucrose solution showed no physiological response when stimulated with mixtures of quinine and sucrose solution. The inhibitory effect produced by quinine is unlikely to be due to a nonspecific modification of membrane properties of receptor cells (de Brito Sanchez & Kaissling, 2005) as such an effect was reduced in the case of mixtures of quinine and salt solutions. Moreover, the effect is specific for quinine, as salicin, another bitter substance, did not inhibit cellular responses to sucrose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological and behavioural characterization of gustatory responses to antennal ‘bitter’ taste in honeybees

Sanchez

Giurfa

Mota

et al. 2005

Eur J of Neuroscience

108

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We combined behavioural and electrophysiological experiments to study whether bitter taste is perceived at the antennal level in honeybees, Apis mellifera. Our behavioural studies showed that neither quinine nor salicin delivered at one antenna at different concentrations induced a retraction of the proboscis once it was extended in response to 1 M sucrose solution delivered to the opposite antenna. Bees that extended massively their proboscis to 1 M sucrose responded only partially when stimulated with a mixture of 1 M sucrose and 100 mM quinine. The mixture of 1 m sucrose and 100 mM salicin had no such suppressive effect. No behavioural suppression was found for mixtures of salt solution and either bitter substance. Electrophysiological recordings of taste sensillae at the antennal tip revealed sensillae that responded specifically either to sucrose or salt solutions, but none responded to the bitter substances quinine and salicin at the different concentrations tested. The electrophysiological responses of sensillae to 15 mM sucrose solution were inhibited by a mixture of 15 mM sucrose and 0.1 mM quinine, but not by a mixture of 15 mM sucrose and 0.1 mM salicin. The responses of sensillae to 50 mM NaCl were reduced by a mixture of 50 mm NaCl and 1 mM quinine but not by a mixture of 50 mM NaCl and 1 mM salicin. We concluded that no receptor cells for the bitter substances tested, exist at the level of the antennal tip of the honeybee and that antennal bitter taste is not represented as a separate perceptual quality.

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Inhibitory and Excitatory Effects of Iodobenzene on the Antennal Benzoic Acid Receptor Cells of the Female Silk Moth Bombyx mori L.

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Temporal coding of odor mixtures in an olfactory receptor neuron

Temporal coding of odor mixtures in an olfactory receptor neuron

Electrophysiological response patterns of 16 olfactory neurons from the trichoid sensilla to odorant from fecal volatiles in the locust, locusta migratoria manilensis

Electrophysiological and behavioural characterization of gustatory responses to antennal ‘bitter’ taste in honeybees

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