Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

Reyes, Sussanne; Peirano, Patricio; Peigneux, Philippe; Lozoff, Betsy; Algarı́n, Cecilia

doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.49

Cited by 66 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, previous studies have used these two cognitive tasks to assess motor response inhibition (e.g., Go/Nogo task) and cognitive interference inhibition (e.g., Stroop task) in 10-year-old overweight/obese children. The results indicated divergent behavioral and cognitive electrophysiological performance [e.g., higher reaction time (RT) variability and lower P3 amplitude in the Go/Nogo task and longer RTs in the Stroop task] between normal-weight and overweight/obese groups [16].An EEG is ideal for capturing the rapid processes involved in inhibitory control. The N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components are commonly studied in relation to inhibitory control [17][18][19].…”

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“…The following P3 wave, a positive component occurring around 300-600 ms post-stimulus, is associated with inhibition processing or attentional engagement [22,23]. The two ERP components have been demonstrated to be effective in terms of differentiating cognitive electrophysiological performance in obese and normal-weight individuals [16,[24][25][26].From the perspective of molecular biomarkers, obesity is considered to be an immunodeficient, chronic inflammation state, which may contribute to an increased risk of premature death [27]. Leptin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by white adipose tissue and can cross the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier via its central receptors in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus to elicit a negative feedback adiposity signal that regulates energy homeostasis in the human body [28].…”

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Neurocognitive Inhibitory Control Ability Performance and Correlations with Biochemical Markers in Obese Women

Wen

Tsai

2020

IJERPH

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Inhibitory control, the ability to suppress prepotent responses and resist irrelevant stimuli, is thought to play a critical role in the maintenance of obesity. However, electrophysiological performance related to different inhibitory control processes and their relationship with motor response inhibition and cognitive interference and potential biochemical mechanisms in middle-aged, obese women are as yet unclear. This work thus compared different neurocognitive Go/Nogo and Stroop task performance in healthy sedentary normal-weight and obese women, as well as their correlation with biochemical markers. Twenty-six healthy, sedentary obese women (obese group) and 26 age-matched (21-45 years old) normal-weight women (control group) were the participants, categorized by body mass index and percentage fat, as measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. They provided a fasting blood sample and performed two cognitive tasks (i.e., Go/Nogo and Stroop tasks) with concomitant electrophysiological recording. The N2 and P3 waveforms of event-related potential (ERP) were recorded. Although the between-group behavioral performance was comparable, the obese group relative to the control group showed significantly longer N2 latency and smaller P3 amplitude in the Stroop task and smaller N2 and P3 amplitudes in the Go/Nogo task. Significant inflammation response indices (e.g., CRP, leptin, adiponectin/leptin ratio) were observed in the obese group. The Nogo P3 amplitude was significantly correlated with the adiponectin/leptin ratio. These findings indicate that healthy obese women still exhibit deviant neurophysiological performance when performing Go/Nogo and Stroop tasks, where the adiponectin/leptin ratio could be one of the influencing factors for the deficit in neural processes of motor response inhibition.healthy individuals since individuals with obesity feel that they have failed to resist food (overeating behavior) [3,4].Inhibitory control, as a subcomponent of executive functions, refers to an individual's capacity to suppress a prepotent but ineffective behavior provoked by an external cue to stop an ongoing response and to resist distracting stimuli [5]. Such cognitive processing capabilities have been associated with many different aspects of life, being positively related to general success in health and the accumulation of wealth [6] and negatively related to addictions [7] and obesity [8]. The inhibitory control functions regulated and supported by multiple top-down neural connections [9] could be impaired in obese individuals. Indeed, obese individuals demonstrate characteristics of weak inhibitory control, which is considered to play a critical role in difficulties related to resisting external cues that suggest delicious food [10,11]. These behavioral characteristics may be associated with dopamine-modulated mesolimbic circuits and the dorsolateral regions of the prefrontal cortex [10]. In comparison with normal-weight controls, obese adults have also exhibited lower dopamine D2 receptor density in the str...

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Neurocognitive Inhibitory Control Ability Performance and Correlations with Biochemical Markers in Obese Women

Wen

Tsai

2020

IJERPH

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“…Subtraction of trial 1 time from trial 3 time is a means of accounting for deficits in naming speed. This measure is widely used in both clinical practice and research, and Stroop tasks, such as the color word interference task, been utilized in examination of the relationship between inhibitory control and eating behavior and weight outcome in prior studies (Allom & Mullan, 2014; Cohen, Yates, Duong, & Convit, 2011; Mobbs, Iglesias, Golay, & Van der Linden, 2011; Reyes, Peirano, Peigneux, Lozoff, & Algarin, 2015; Verdejo - García et al, 2010). …”

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confidence: 99%

Executive functioning and dietary intake: Neurocognitive correlates of fruit, vegetable, and saturated fat intake in adults with obesity

et al. 2017

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Obesity is a significant public health issue, and is associated with poor diet. Evidence suggests that eating behavior is related to individual differences in executive functioning. Poor executive functioning is associated with poorer diet (few fruits and vegetables and high saturated fat) in normal weight samples; however, the relationship between these specific dietary behaviors and executive functioning have not been investigated in adults with obesity. The current study examined the association between executive functioning and intake of saturated fat, fruits, and vegetables in an overweight/obese sample using behavioral measures of executive function and dietary recall. One-hundred-ninety overweight and obese adults completed neuropsychological assessments measuring intelligence, planning ability, and inhibitory control followed by three dietary recall assessments within a month prior to beginning a behavioral weight loss treatment program. Inhibitory control and two of the three indices of planning each independently significantly predicted fruit and vegetable consumption such that those with better inhibition and planning ability consumed more fruits and vegetables. No relationship was found between executive functioning and saturated fat intake. Results increase understanding of how executive functioning influences eating behavior in overweight and obese adults, and suggest the importance of including executive functioning training components in dietary interventions for those with obesity. Further research is needed to determine causality as diet and executive functioning may bidirectionally influence each other.

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“…Furthermore, behavioral correlates of altered neural mechanisms of response inhibition as indicated by No-Go ERPs are not limited to externalizing-spectrum behaviors: inhibitory deficits may be associated with a broader range of behaviors characterized by poor self-control such as overeating, as evidenced by the finding of reduced No-Go P3 component (Reyes et al, 2015) and its diminished anteriorization (Kamijo et al, 2012) in obese children, which was paralleled by poorer inhibitory performance. However, the opposite extreme, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of brain activity related to response inhibition: A longitudinal genetic study in adolescent twins

Anokhin

Golosheykin

Grant

et al. 2017

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The ability to inhibit prepotent but context- or goal-inappropriate responses is essential for adaptive self-regulation of behavior. Deficits in response inhibition, a key component of impulsivity, have been implicated as a core dysfunction in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD and addictions. Identification of genetically transmitted variation in the neural underpinnings of response inhibition can help to elucidate etiological pathways to these disorders and establish the links between genes, brain, and behavior. However, little is known about genetic influences on the neural mechanisms of response inhibition during adolescence, a developmental period characterized by weak self-regulation of behavior. Here we investigated heritability of ERPs elicited in a Go/No-Go task in a large sample of adolescent twins assessed longitudinally at ages 12, 14, and 16. Genetic analyses showed significant heritability of inhibition-related frontal N2 and P3 components at all three ages, with 50 to 60% of inter-individual variability being attributable to genetic factors. These genetic influences included both common genetic factors active at different ages and novel genetic influences emerging during development. Finally, individual differences in the rate of developmental changes from age 12 to age 16 were significantly influenced by genetic factors. In conclusion, the present study provides the first evidence for genetic influences on neural correlates of response inhibition during adolescence and suggests that ERPs elicited in the Go/No-Go task can serve as intermediate neurophysiological phenotypes (endophenotypes) for the study of disinhibition and impulse control disorders.

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Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

Cited by 66 publications

References 59 publications

Neurocognitive Inhibitory Control Ability Performance and Correlations with Biochemical Markers in Obese Women

Neurocognitive Inhibitory Control Ability Performance and Correlations with Biochemical Markers in Obese Women

Executive functioning and dietary intake: Neurocognitive correlates of fruit, vegetable, and saturated fat intake in adults with obesity

Heritability of brain activity related to response inhibition: A longitudinal genetic study in adolescent twins

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