Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Scutellarein on Melanogenesis

Abstract

Fairer skin is preferred in many Asian countries and there is a high demand for skin whitening and lightening products. However, in recent years, problems related to the safety of using whitening agents have emerged. This study demonstrates that plant-derived scutellarein effectively inhibits melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. However, baicalein, which is similar to scutellarein in its chemical structure, does not show any inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. Cellular tyrosinase activity is decreased by scutellarein in a dose-dependent manner. No cytotoxicity is observed at the effective concentration range. Additionally, both the protein and mRNA levels of tyrosinase are significantly decreased by scutellarein. Further, the risk of leukoderma development also is determined by evaluating the production of free hydroxyl radicals (˙OH); scutellarein treatment does not induce ˙OH production. Scutellarein shows no risk of causing leukoderma. Our results suggest that scutellarein or plant extracts containing high concentrations of scutellarein have the potential to inhibit melanin production and serve as cosmetic skin-lightening agents.

Timeline of the Development of Skin-Lightening Active Ingredients in Japan

“…In pigmented cells, suppression of the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (Tyrp1), tyrosinase-related protein-2 (Tyrp2), and Pmel17 has been proposed to be the mechanism underlying melanogenesis inhibition [ 56 ]. Scutellarein, a flavonoid found in the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, inhibits melanin production by suppressing tyrosinase activity and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a protein required for the development of melanocytes [ 57 ].…”