Inhibitory Effect of Ammonium Ions on Influenza Virus in Tissue Culture

Jensen, Elizabeth; Force, Elizabeth E.; Unger, Janelle

doi:10.3181/00379727-107-26653

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…It was also determined that other simple inorganic amines can suppress plaque formation of herpes simplex type 1 virus, Semliki Forest virus, respiratory syncitial virus, rhinovirus 13, and influenza A virus. Similar results have been reported for ammonium chloride and other lysomotropic amines by other investigators (Jensen et al, 1961;Banfield and Kisch, 1973;Norkin and Einck, 1978;Helenius et al, 1980;Coombs et al, 1981). Although ammonium ions significantly inhibit several types of viruses, their breadth of antiviral activity is somewhat less than the inhibitors found in the plasma, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system, as described later.…”

Section: Urine: Broad Antiviral Activitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Innate antiviral defenses in body fluids and tissues

et al. 2000

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Innate, non-specific, resistance mechanisms are important barriers to pathogens, particularly delaying virus multiplication at the onset of infections. These innate defense mechanisms include a series of mechanical barriers, pre-existing inhibitory molecules, and cellular responses with antimicrobial activity. The antiviral activities of these innate inhibitors reside in a variety of partly characterized substances. This review presents the innate antiviral inhibitors in cell cultures, urine, serum, the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system, tissues of crustaceans, and saliva. Medical adaptation of the innate antiviral defense mechanisms may be useful for prevention and treatment of viral infections.

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Section: Urine: Broad Antiviral Activitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Innate antiviral defenses in body fluids and tissues

et al. 2000

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“…A number of studies have shown that lipophilic weak bases such as ammonium chloride and amantadine inhibit the entry of influenza virus into their host cells and block infection (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). Similar inhibitory effects of lipophilic amines have been reported in other virus systems (5,6,46,47).…”

Section: Inhibition By Lysosomotropicagentsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Infectious entry pathway of influenza virus in a canine kidney cell line.

Matlin¹,

Reggio²,

Helenius³

et al. 1981

The Journal of Cell Biology

649

483

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The entry of fowl plague virus, an avian influenza A virus, into Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was examined both biochemically and morphologically . At low multiplicity and 0°C, viruses bound to the cell surface but were not internalized . Binding was not greatly dependent on the pH of the medium and reached an equilibrium level in 60-90 min. Over 90% of the bound viruses were removed by neuraminidase but not by proteases. When cells with prebound virus were warmed to 37°C, part of the virus became resistant to removal by neuraminidase, with a half-time of 10-15 min. After a brief lag period, degraded viral material was released into the medium . The neuraminidase-resistant virus was capable of infecting the cells and probably did so by an intracellular route, since ammonium chloride, a lysosomotropic agent, blocked both the infection and the degradation of viral protein.When the entry process was observed by electron microscopy, viruses were seen bound primarily to microvilli on the cell surface at 0°C and, after warming at 37°C, were endocytosed in coated pits, coated vesicles, and large smooth-surfaced vacuoles . Viruses were also present in smooth-surfaced invaginations and small smooth-surfaced vesicles at both temperatures .

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“…Thereafter it was found that a number of normal metabolites also block viral multiplication. This is the case for L-arginine, DL-lysine, DL-omithine, L-histidine (Eaton, Magasanik, Perry & Karibian, 1951;Rafelson et al 1950), tryptophan (Rafelson et al 1950, glycine (Rappaport, 1956), phenylserine (Pons & Preston, 1961), guanidinoacetic acid (Eaton et al 1951), glutamine (Eaton & Scala, 1961) and ammonia (Eaton & Scala, 1961;Jensen & Lin, 1961;Jensen, Force & Unger, 1961). The inhibitory action of these metabolites is observed only for concentrations ranging from 2 to IOmM.…”

Section: Inhibitors Po88e88ing An Amino Radicalmentioning

confidence: 98%