Inhibitory effect of blue light emitting diode on migration and invasion of cancer cells

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects and molecular mechanism of blue light emitting diode (LED) in tumor cells. A migration and invasion assay for the metastatic behavior of mouse colon cancer CT-26 and human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells was performed. Cancer cell migration-related proteins were identified by obtaining a 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in total cellular protein profile of blue LED-irradiated cancer cells, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis of proteins. Protein levels were examined by immunoblotting. Irradiation with blue LED inhibited CT-26 and HT-1080 cell migration and invasion. The anti-metastatic effects of blue LED irradiation were associated with inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression. P38 MAPK phosphorylation was increased in blue LED-irradiated CT-26 and HT-1080 cells, but was inhibited after pretreatment with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation by SB203580 treatment increased number of migratory cancer cells in CT-26 and HT-1080 cells, indicating that blue LED irradiation inhibited cancer cell migration via phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Additionally blue LED irradiation of mice injected with CT-26 cells expressing luciferase decreased early stage lung metastasis compared to untreated control mice. These results indicate that blue LED irradiation inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo.

Does blue light restore human epidermal barrier function via activation of Opsin during cutaneous wound healing?

“…5), suggesting the increase in metabolic activity does not translate into increased proliferation, but rather into restoration of the epidermal barrier. Indeed, low-dose blue light did not modulate migration of keratinocytes, while a high dose of 30 J/cm 2 had an inhibitory effect, in line with reports on cultured dermal fibroblasts [24,68].…”

Blue LED causes cell death in human hepatoma by inducing DNA damage

“…Notable among the various species of LED is that blue LED with 430-490 nm wavelengths showed excelent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo experiments. Blue light could effectively inhibit the tumor progress of skin tumors, melanoma, leukemia, colon cancer mainly depending on the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [8][9][10][11]. Consistent with these reports, our previous study demonstrated that blue LED could enhance the anti-tumor effects of arsenic trioxide on human osteosarcoma and cause cell death in colorectal cancer through increasing ROS accumulation and DNA damaged mediated p53 activation [12,13].…”

A Macro Lens-Based Optical System Design for Phototherapeutic Instrumentation

“…Even though the thermal and mechanical effects caused by 460 nm LED and ultrasound are still under research, LED and ultrasound devices could effectively reduce cancer cell viability with signaling effects to the cells and cavitation effects [5,25]. For LED, light irradiation inhibits the signaling between cancer cells, thus inducing cell death without thermal increments [9]. For ultrasound, cavitation effects are produced in the tissues to collapse gaseous cavities in a medium.…”

“…Moreover, blue LED light has been reported to suppress melanoma and retinal pigment epithelium cells because it generates intracellular oxygen species that can induce apoptosis without any thermal effects [7,8]. However, the thermal mechanism of the signaling pathways for suppressing cancer cells in blue LED-based phototherapy is still under exploration [9].…”

“…Unfortunately, there are very few research studies using specific LEDs or high-frequency ultrasound transducers for cancer therapy and mechanisms dependent on the power conditions of LED lights with ultrasound transducers to suppress tumor cells [6,9,41]. Our macro-lens-supported LED combined with a high-frequency ultrasound transducer is the first experiment to report on the suppression of the viability of tumor cells without any help of photosensitizers or sonosensitizers.…”