Inhibitory effect of carnosine and N-acetyl carnosine on LPS-induced microglial oxidative stress and inflammation

Fleisher-Berkovich, Sigal; Abramovitch-Dahan, Chen; Ben‐Shabat, Shimon; Apte, Ron N.; Beit‐Yannai, Elie

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.04.003

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Glial cell activation and neuronal cell death are implicated in the development of DR [3,21,22]. Carnosine is one of the most abundant antioxidants in the brain, and in the retina, it is present in retinal neurons and Mueller glia [23][24][25][26][27]. As the dipeptide inhibits the synthesis of microglial inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators, its implication in the prevention of neuronal apoptotic cell death is conceivable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Carnosine Supplementation Prevents Vascular Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Pfister

Riedl

Wang

et al. 2011

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Backgrounds/Aims: Pericyte loss, vasoregression and neuroglial activation are characteristic changes in incipient diabetic retinopathy. In this study, the effect of the antioxidant and antiglycating dipeptide carnosine was studied on the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy. Materials/Methods: STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats were orally treated with carnosine (1g/kg body weight/day). Retinal vascular damage was assessed by quantitative morphometry. Retinal protein extracts were analyzed for markers of oxidative stress, AGE-formation, activation of the hexosamine pathway and changes in the expression of Ang-2, VEGF and heat shock proteins Hsp27 and HO-1. Glial cell activation was analyzed using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence of GFAP expression and retinal neuronal damage was histologically examined. Results: Oral carnosine treatment prevented retinal vascular damage after 6 months of experimental hyperglycemia. The protection was not caused by ROS- or AGE-inhibition, but associated with a significant induction of Hsp27 in activated glial cells and normalization of increased Ang-2 levels in diabetic retinas. A significant reduction of photoreceptors in retinas of carnosine treated animals was noted. Conclusion: Oral carnosine treatment protects retinal capillary cells in experimental diabetic retinopathy, independent of its biochemical function. The vasoprotective effect of carnosine might be mediated by the induction of protective Hsp27 in activated glial cells and normalization of hyperglycemia-induced Ang-2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Carnosine Supplementation Prevents Vascular Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Pfister

Riedl

Wang

et al. 2011

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Previous studies by our group and others have shown that carnosine reduces iNOS-facilitated NO production in cells [43,49–50]. In contrast, it is proposed that Ca 2+ pre-treatment caused a decrease in the NO/O 2 −• ratio due to an increase in intracellular O 2 −• (and not a decrease in NO).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection for the determination of the ratio of nitric oxide to superoxide production in macrophages during inflammation

et al. 2017

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It is well known that excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is linked to the development of oxidative stress-driven disorders. In particular, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2−•) play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. This paper reports the use of 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA) and MitoSOX Red (or Mito-HE) in conjunction with microchip electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection for the simultaneous detection of NO and O2−• in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lysates following different stimulation procedures. Cell stimulations were performed in the presence and absence of cytosolic (diethyldithiocarbamate) and mitochondrial (2-methoxyestradiol) superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitors. The NO/O2−• ratios in macrophage cell lysates under physiological and pro-inflammatory conditions were determined. The ratios of NO to O2−• were 0.60 ± 0.07 for unstimulated cells pre-treated with SOD inhibitors, 1.08 ± 0.06 for unstimulated cells in the absence of SOD inhibitors, and 3.14 ± 0.13 for stimulated cells. The effect of carnosine (antioxidant) or Ca2+ (intracellular messenger) on the NO/O2−• ratio was also investigated.

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“…The concentrations of these peptides in the 7 and 35 mg PN HCl/kg groups did not differ. Carnosine is reported to exert anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ischemic effects on the heart (Boldyrev et al 2013; Fleisher-Berkovich et al 2009; Stvolinsky and Dobrota 2000). It has biochemical capacities such as pH-buffering and metal ion chelation (Boldyrev et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplemental vitamin B6 increases carnosine and anserine concentrations in the heart of rats

et al. 2015

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This study was performed to examine the effect of dietary level of vitamin B6 on the concentrations of carnosine and anserine, antioxidants, in the heart of rats. Analysis using UPLC–MS/MS showed that the concentrations of these dipeptides in the 7 and 35 mg pyridoxine HCl/kg groups were significantly higher than those in the 1 mg pyridoxine HCl/kg group, implying the novel role of dietary vitamin B6 as a determinant of the dipeptides favorable for heart.

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Inhibitory effect of carnosine and N-acetyl carnosine on LPS-induced microglial oxidative stress and inflammation

Cited by 53 publications

References 45 publications

Oral Carnosine Supplementation Prevents Vascular Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Oral Carnosine Supplementation Prevents Vascular Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection for the determination of the ratio of nitric oxide to superoxide production in macrophages during inflammation

Dietary supplemental vitamin B6 increases carnosine and anserine concentrations in the heart of rats

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