Inhibitory effect of cyclophilin A from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis on the growth of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina

Maeda, Hiroki; Boldbaatar, Damdinsuren; Kusakisako, Kodai; Galay, Remil Linggatong; Aung, Kyaw Min; Umemiya‐Shirafuji, Rika; Mochizuki, Masahito; Fujisaki, Kozo; Tanaka, Tetsuya

doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3390-7

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It also seems that cyclophilin A plays a role in tick-pathogen interactions. Maeda et al [199] suggested that cyclophilin A has regulatory role in the growth of Babesia parasites in H. longicornis ticks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 24-48 h fed Amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMultiple tick saliva proteins, the majority of which are unknown, confer tick resistance in repeatedly infested animals. The objective of this study was to identify the 24-48 h fed Amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome. The 24-48 h tick-feeding phase is critical to tick parasitism as it precedes important events in tick biology, blood meal feeding and disease agent transmission. Fed male, 24 and 96 h fed female phage display cDNA expression libraries were biopanned using rabbit antibodies to 24 and 48 h fed A. americanum female tick saliva proteins. Biopanned immuno-cDNA libraries were subjected to next generation sequencing, de novo assembly, and bioinformatic analysis.ResultsMore than 800 transcripts that code for 24-48 h fed A. americanum immuno-proteins are described. Of the 895 immuno-proteins, 52% (464/895) were provisionally identified based on matches in GenBank. Of these, ~19% (86/464) show high level of identity to other tick hypothetical proteins, and the rest include putative proteases (serine, cysteine, leukotriene A-4 hydrolase, carboxypeptidases, and metalloproteases), protease inhibitors (serine and cysteine protease inhibitors, tick carboxypeptidase inhibitor), and transporters and/or ligand binding proteins (histamine binding/lipocalin, fatty acid binding, calreticulin, hemelipoprotein, IgG binding protein, ferritin, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, and evasin). Others include enzymes (glutathione transferase, cytochrome oxidase, protein disulfide isomerase), ribosomal proteins, and those of miscellaneous functions (histamine release factor, selenoproteins, tetraspanin, defensin, heat shock proteins).ConclusionsData here demonstrate that A. americanum secretes a complex cocktail of immunogenic tick saliva proteins during the first 24-48 h of feeding. Of significance, previously validated immunogenic tick saliva proteins including AV422 protein, calreticulin, histamine release factor, histamine binding/lipocalins, selenoproteins, and paramyosin were identified in this screen, supporting the specificity of the approach in this study. While descriptive, this study opens opportunities for in-depth tick feeding physiology studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-518) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 24-48 h fed Amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome

et al. 2014

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“…CypA has also demonstrated to be a powerful regulator of Ca 2+ in activated platelets (Elvers et al, 2012). Furthermore, CypA may play a role in the tick immune response to pathogens (Maeda et al, 2013). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of 24h Ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins

Lewis

Radulović

Kim

et al. 2015

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the United States. This tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA: Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, B. miyamotoi, Babesia microti, and Powassan virus disease. Except for the Powassan virus disease, I. scapularis-vectored TBD agents require more than 24 h post attachment to be transmitted. This study describes identification of 24 h immunogenic I. scapularis tick saliva proteins, which could provide opportunities to develop strategies to stop tick feeding before transmission of the majority of pathogens. A 24 h fed female I. scapularis phage display cDNA expression library was biopanned using rabbit antibodies to 24 h fed I. scapularis female tick saliva proteins, subjected to next generation sequencing, de novo assembly, and bioinformatic analyses. A total of 182 contigs were assembled, of which ~19% (35/182) are novel and did not show identity to any known proteins in GenBank. The remaining ~81% (147/182) of contigs were provisionally identified based on matches in GenBank including ~18% (27/147) that matched protein sequences previously annotated as hypothetical and putative tick saliva proteins. Others include proteases and protease inhibitors (~3%, 5/147), transporters and/or ligand binding proteins (~6%, 9/147), immunogenic tick saliva housekeeping enzyme-like (17%, 25/147), ribosomal protein-like (~31%, 46/147), and those classified as miscellaneous (~24%, 35/147). Notable among the miscellaneous class include antimicrobial peptides (microplusin and ricinusin), myosin-like proteins that have been previously found in tick saliva, and heat shock tick saliva protein. Data in this study provides the foundation for in-depth analysis of I. scapularis feeding during the first 24 h, before the majority of TBD agents can be transmitted.

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“…H. longicornis is easy to maintain and is widely used as a model tick to study pathophysiology in tick infestation33. To date, a number of bioactive molecules have been found in H. longicornis , and those products might be available for not only tick control but also for novel drug discovery in the veterinary and medical fields78343536. The experimental infection of ticks with pathogens is considered to be an attractive tool for studying tick-pathogen interaction56.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GIT (Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) instead of bovine serum and M199 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as the mixture with a ratio of 2:3. Fresh bovine blood was purchased from Nippon Bio-Test Laboratories Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) to prepare the red blood cells (RBCs)35. The culture was maintained at 37 °C with 5% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engorged and dropped ticks (19 from the experiment with approximately 1% parasitemia of B. ovata or 20 from the experiment with approximately 1.5% parasitemia) were obtained, and 3–4 of them were dissected daily from 0 to 4 days post engorgement (DPE) to pick off the midgut, ovary, and carcass that included other organs. These organs were rinsed with PBS and immediately put into the DNA extraction buffer to extract the DNA as described previously35. The concentration of purified DNA was determined by NanoDrop 2000 (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and then diluted at 50 ng/μl and stored at −30 °C until use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment of a novel tick-Babesia experimental infection model

Maeda

Hatta

Alim

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Ticks are potent vectors of many deadly human and animal pathogens. Tick-borne babesiosis is a well-recognized malaria-like disease that occurs worldwide and recently has attracted increased attention as an emerging zoonosis. Although the proliferation of Babesia organisms is essential in the vectors, their detailed lifecycle with time information for migration in ticks remains unknown. A novel study model for the elucidation of the migration speed of Babesia parasites in their vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, has been developed using an artificial feeding system with quantitative PCR method. The detectable DNA of Babesia parasites gradually disappeared in the tick midgut at 1 day post engorgement (DPE), and in contrary increased in other organs. The results indicated that the Babesia parasite passed the H. longicornis midgut within 24 hours post engorgement, migrated to the hemolymph, and then proliferated in the organs except the midgut. This time point may be an important curfew for Babesia parasites to migrate in the tick lumen. We also visualized the Babesia parasites in the experimentally infected ticks and in their eggs using IFAT for detecting their cytoskeletal structure, which suggested the successful tick infection and transovarial transmission of the parasite. This model will shed light on the further understanding of tick-Babesia interactions.

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Inhibitory effect of cyclophilin A from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis on the growth of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

A 24-48 h fed Amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome

A 24-48 h fed Amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome

Identification of 24h Ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins

Establishment of a novel tick-Babesia experimental infection model

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