Inhibitory Effect of Glycogen upon Anaphylactic Shock in the Rabbit

Silva, M. Rocha e; Grana, A; Porto, Anthony F.

doi:10.3181/00379727-59-14981

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Since many of the symptoms resulting from the injection of protamine in the dog resemble a mild anaphylactic shock, this may be a heterophil anaphylaxis, like the sensitivity to Ascaris suis reported by Rocha e Silva, Grana, and Porto (1945). Skin tests and precipitin tests for protamine in dogs were conducted but were negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this does not give us any indication whether the fall in blood pressure is the cause or the result of the platelet agglutination associated with the marked fall in the platelet count. Rocha e Silva, Grana, and Porto (1945) found that the intravenous injection of glycogen will produce a temporary disappearance of the platelets from the blood, and they have used this as a method of studying the contribution of the platelets to various types of anaphylactoid shock. Four dogs were therefore given glycogen (1 g./kg.)…”

Section: The Thrombocytopenic Action Of Protaminementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of the Toxicity of the Protamine, Salmine*

Jaques

1949

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The protamine, salmine, has become widely known in the combined form, protamine-insulin. It has been generally assumed that the protamines are non-toxic. Vartiainen and Marble (1941) found that the median lethal dose of salmine subcutaneously in mice and rabbits was 200-300 mg./kg. and concluded that it was non-toxic in ordinary doses-a view supported by its widespread clinical use with no allergic or other side-actions. Reiner, de Beer, and Green (1942) found an LD50 of 94 mg./kg. in mice with protamine (presumably salmine ?). Ahlstrom and von Euler (1946) have reported essentially similar results with rats and guinea-pigs, using salmine and also the related protamines, clupein and scombrin.A second possible clinical use of protamine is as an antidote for heparin, first suggested by Chargaff and Olsen (1937) and reported by Jorpes, Edman, and Thaning (1939). As the protamine for this purpose will probably be given intravenously, it raises the question of possible toxicity by this route. Thompson (1900) reported that the intravenous injection of the protamine, clupein, gave markedly toxic reactions in the narcotized dog, 15-18 mg./kg. killing the animals. The injection ofsmaller amounts of protamine caused a definite and relatively prompt fall in blood pressure, which returned to normal in 25-30 minutes. In addition to the fall in blood pressure, the respirations became markedly increased in rate and depth, and were followed by a period of apnoea. Thompson also noted a delayed clotting of the blood and a leucopenia.Jappelli (1933) confirmed Thompson's results with salmine using the unanaesthetized dog, as did Jaques, Charles, and Best (1938); 5 mg. salmine sulphate per kg. caused a pronounced fall in blood pressure and dyspnoea. However, they found that this protamine had relatively little effect on guineapigs, and this led to the present investigations. Shelley, Hodgkins, and Visscher (1942) reported that intravenous or intracardiac injection of 120 mg./kg.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Thrombocytopenic Action Of Protaminementioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Toxicity of the Protamine, Salmine*

Jaques

1949

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…An increase in the blood histamine level in shock has since been described by a variety of authors (11,13,15,35,54,60,65,66,71) for various types of shock and various kinds of animals. It was also shown that injection of a number of substances [trypsin (3, 17, 54, 56), papain (59), snake venoms (22), peptone (16, 21, 23, 55, 68), anaphylatoxin (26, 27, 57)] cause histamine release as well as a general reaction similar to that of the anaphylactic shock.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%