Inhibitory effect of state independent ponto-geniculo-occipital waves on seizure occurrence induced by local application of penicillin into the temporal lobe amygdala

Salado, Ignacio Ramírez; García, Ana Paula Rivera; Villagrán, Manuel Aguilar; Calvo, José María

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.07.004

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This study showed that phasic REM sleep, where cholinergic activity is even more enhanced compare to tonic REM sleep, has more suppressive properties on IEDs and HFOs than tonic REM sleep. Cholinergic neurotransmission has a likely protective mechanism against the manifestation of epileptic activity . It was suggested to be further enhanced during phasic compared to tonic REM sleep .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cholinergic neurotransmission has a likely protective mechanism against the manifestation of epileptic activity. [27][28][29] It was suggested to be further enhanced during phasic compared to tonic REM sleep. [13][14][15] This additional increase in cholinergic neurotransmission during phasic REM sleep might lead to increased EEG desynchronization.…”

Section: Distribution Of Ieds and Hfos Across Phasic And Tonic Rem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EEG desynchronization during phasic REM sleep suppresses interictal epileptic activity in humans

et al. 2016

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SummaryObjectiveRapid eye movement (REM) sleep has a suppressing effect on epileptic activity. This effect might be directly related to neuronal desynchronization mediated by cholinergic neurotransmission. We investigated whether interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and high frequency oscillations—a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone—are evenly distributed across phasic and tonic REM sleep. We hypothesized that IEDs are more suppressed during phasic REM sleep because of additional cholinergic drive.MethodsTwelve patients underwent polysomnography during long‐term combined scalp‐intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) recording. After sleep staging in the scalp EEG, we identified segments of REM sleep with rapid eye movements (phasic REM) and segments of REM sleep without rapid eye movements (tonic REM). In the intracerebral EEG, we computed the power in frequencies <30 Hz and from 30 to 500 Hz, and marked IEDs, ripples (>80 Hz) and fast ripples (>250 Hz). We grouped the intracerebral channels into channels in the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ), the exclusively irritative zone (EIZ), and the normal zone (NoZ).ResultsPower in frequencies <30 Hz was lower during phasic than tonic REM sleep (p < 0.001), most likely reflecting increased desynchronization. IEDs, ripples and fast ripples, were less frequent during phasic than tonic REM sleep (phasic REM sleep: 39% of spikes, 35% of ripples, 18% of fast ripples, tonic REM sleep: 61% of spikes, 65% of ripples, 82% of fast ripples; p < 0.001). In contrast to ripples in the epileptogenic zone, physiologic ripples were more abundant during phasic REM sleep (phasic REM sleep: 73% in NoZ, 30% in EIZ, 28% in SOZ, tonic REM sleep: 27% in NoZ, 70% in EIZ, 72% in SOZ; p < 0.001).SignificancePhasic REM sleep has an enhanced suppressive effect on IEDs, corroborating the role of EEG desynchronization in the suppression of interictal epileptic activity. In contrast, physiologic ripples were increased during phasic REM sleep, possibly reflecting REM‐related memory consolidation and dreaming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Ieds and Hfos Across Phasic And Tonic Rem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG desynchronization during phasic REM sleep suppresses interictal epileptic activity in humans

et al. 2016

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“…The inhibitory effect on epileptic activity seems to be an intrinsic feature of phasic REM sleep, independent from the time of REM sleep occurrence during nocturnal sleep, the epileptic syndrome, the location of epileptic activity within the brain and the pathological substrate [113]. Experimental studies suggest that the suppressing effect of REM sleep on epileptic activity could be related to the production of acetylcholine, which is particularly raised during phasic REM sleep [115]. A better comprehension of the underlying mechanism of the protecting influence of phasic REM sleep on epileptic activity might have important value for potential therapeutic approaches.…”

Section: Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

Simor

Wijk

Nobili

et al. 2020

Sleep Medicine Reviews

142

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s u m m a r yRapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a peculiar neural state that occupies 20e25% of nighttime sleep in healthy human adults and seems to play critical roles in a variety of functions spanning from basic physiological mechanisms to complex cognitive processes. REM sleep exhibits a plethora of transient neurophysiological features, such as eye movements, muscle twitches, and changes in autonomic activity, however, despite its heterogeneous nature, it is usually conceptualized as a homogeneous sleep state. We propose here that differentiating and exploring the fine microstructure of REM sleep, especially its phasic and tonic constituents would provide a novel framework to examine the mechanisms and putative functions of REM sleep. In this review, we show that phasic and tonic REM periods are remarkably different neural states with respect to environmental alertness, spontaneous and evoked cortical activity, information processing, and seem to contribute differently to the dysfunctions of REM sleep in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. We highlight that a distinctive view on phasic and tonic REM microstates would facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms and functions of REM sleep in healthy and pathological conditions.

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“…Animal studies have shown that the reduction of epileptic activity in REM sleep is favoured by the desynchronizing effect of cholinergic activity typical of this stage (Shouse et al ., ), which is particularly elevated during the phasic phenomena of REM sleep (Salado et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Suppression of interictal spikes during phasic rapid eye movement sleep: a quantitative stereo‐electroencephalography study

Campana

Zubler²,

Gibbs

et al. 2017

Journal of Sleep Research

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Tonic and phasic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep seem to represent two different brain states exerting different effects on epileptic activity. In particular, interictal spikes are suppressed strongly during phasic REM sleep. The reason for this effect is not understood completely. A different level of synchronization in phasic and tonic REM sleep has been postulated, yet never measured directly. Here we assessed the interictal spike rate across non-REM (NREM) sleep, phasic and tonic REM sleep in nine patients affected by drug resistant focal epilepsy: five with type II focal cortical dysplasia and four with hippocampal sclerosis. Moreover, we applied different quantitative measures to evaluate the level of synchronization at the local and global scale during phasic and tonic REM sleep. We found a lower spike rate in phasic REM sleep, both within and outside the seizure onset zone. This effect seems to be independent from the histopathological substrate and from the brain region, where epileptic activity is produced (temporal versus extra-temporal). A higher level of synchronization was observed during tonic REM sleep both on a large (global) and small (local) spatial scale. Phasic REM sleep appears to be an interesting model for understanding the mechanisms of suppression of epileptic activity.

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Inhibitory effect of state independent ponto-geniculo-occipital waves on seizure occurrence induced by local application of penicillin into the temporal lobe amygdala

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

EEG desynchronization during phasic REM sleep suppresses interictal epileptic activity in humans

EEG desynchronization during phasic REM sleep suppresses interictal epileptic activity in humans

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

Suppression of interictal spikes during phasic rapid eye movement sleep: a quantitative stereo‐electroencephalography study

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