Inhibitory Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Glial Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Lack of Protective Properties Against Oxidative Neurotoxins In Vitro

Mazzio, Elizabeth; Kolta, Malak G.; Reams, Renee; Soliman, Karam F.A.

doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2004.07.005

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Furthermore, nicotine can reduce the ability of free radicals to produce 6-hydroxydopamine, which supports an antioxidant mechanism for nicotine's protective effect (Linert et al, 1999). Some component of tobacco smoke also appears to inhibit monoamine oxidase and this also might decrease free radical formation (Mazzio et al, 2005). Furthermore, chronic nicotine administration decreases basal firing rates in the ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons owing to desensitization of the nicotinic receptors (Rasmussen and Czachura, 1995), and chronic nicotine treatment decreases dopamine catabolism in the dorsal striatum (Kirch et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Nicotine Dependence, Symptoms and Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Schizophrenia

Zhang

Tan

Zhou

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The high rate of smoking in schizophrenia may reflect patients' attempts to reduce the side effects of antipsychotic medications, and one mechanism for this reduction may be a reduction in oxidative stress and free radical-mediated brain damage that may contribute to schizophrenic symptoms and to complications of its treatment. Symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), side effects were assessed with the Simpson and Angus Rating Scale (SAS), and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in plasma. All of these measures were compared in 130 male inpatients with DSM-IV schizophrenia: 104 smokers and 26 non-smokers. The results showed that the positive PANSS symptoms were lower in smokers than non-smokers (14.5 vs 17.5), while the negative symptoms were lower in those who smoked more cigarettes (r ¼ À0.23). The SAS showed no differences. The CAT activity was correlated with both GSH-Px and SOD activities. Of the three enzymes only the CAT activity was significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (2.9 vs 1.6 U/ml), but greater SOD activity correlated more cigarettes smoked (r ¼ 0.24). Consistent with some protection against oxidative stress, MDA also was significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers (9.2 vs 14.4 nmol/ml). The fewer positive symptoms in smokers and fewer negative symptoms in those who smoked more cigarettes may be a selection bias, but appears to be associated with decreased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in schizophrenics who smoke tobacco.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Nicotine Dependence, Symptoms and Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Schizophrenia

Zhang

Tan

Zhou

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…While ETS may induce astrogliosis, it separately may be suppressing iNOS expression in glia. Cigarette smoke condensates were previously observed to inhibit iNOS in glial cultures (Mazzio et al 2005). Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1) is an antioxidant that is also upregulated as a response to brain ROS (Dimayuga et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Adult Rat Brain Biochemistry

et al. 2009

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Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked to deleterious health effects, particularly pulmonary and cardiac disease; yet, the general public considers ETS benign to brain function in adults. In contrast, epidemiological data have suggested that ETS impacts the brain and potentially modulates neurodegenerative disease. The present study begins to examine yet unknown biochemical effects of ETS on the adult mammalian brain. In the developed animal model, adult male rats were exposed to ETS 3 h a day for 3 weeks. Biochemical data showed altered glial fibrillary acid protein levels as a main treatment effect of ETS, suggestive of reactive astrogliosis. Yet, markers of oxidative and cell stress were unaffected by ETS exposure in the brain regions examined. Increased proteolytic degradation of αII-spectrin by caspase-3 and the dephosphorylation of serine 116 on PEA-15 indicated greater apoptotic cell death modulated by the extrinsic pathway in the brains of ETS-exposed animals. Further, β-synuclein was upregulated by ETS, a neuroprotective protein previously reported to exhibit anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrillogenic properties. These findings demonstrate that ETS exposure alters the neuroproteome of the adult rat brain, and suggest modulation of inflammatory and cell death processes.

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“…Filters were then thoroughly dried, weighed and then extracted with DMSO. Alternative protocols used for in vitro studies, included bubbling cigarette smoke directly into buffered saline or DMEM (Yamaguchi et al, 2004) while other studies have used modifications of a number of existing methods (Mazzio et al, 2005). Sarafian et al (2001) observed, following exposure of A549 lung tumour cells to Cannabis smoke that ATP levels were reduced, which is consistent with toxic effects on mitochondrial electron transport and therefore similar studies may yet show that Mandrax and Cannabis in combination may have increased cytotoxic effects.…”

Section: Openup (July 2007)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Mandrax and Cannabis on the cellular function of chick embryonic neurons

Silva

Bester

Pretorius

2007

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Inhibitory Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Glial Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Lack of Protective Properties Against Oxidative Neurotoxins In Vitro

Cited by 21 publications

References 90 publications

Nicotine Dependence, Symptoms and Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Schizophrenia

Nicotine Dependence, Symptoms and Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Schizophrenia

Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Adult Rat Brain Biochemistry

Effects of Mandrax and Cannabis on the cellular function of chick embryonic neurons

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