Inhibitory Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark on Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Mice

Abstract

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark (EUE) is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago, and ischialgia as well as to promote longevity. In this study, we tested the effects of EUE aqueous extract in graded doses to protect and enhance cognition in scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. EUE significantly improved the impairment of short-term or working memory induced by scopolamine in the Y-maze and significantly reversed learning and memory deficits in mice as measured by the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. One day after the last trial session of the Morris water maze test (probe trial session), EUE dramatically increased the latency time in the target quadrant in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, EUE significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner. EUE also markedly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylation of cAMP element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of scopolamine-induced mice. Based on these findings, we suggest that EUE may be useful for the treatment of cognitive deficits, and that the beneficial effects of EUE are mediated, in part, by cholinergic signaling enhancement and/or protection.

N-palmitoyl serotonin alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment via regulation of cholinergic and antioxidant systems, and expression of BDNF and p-CREB in mice

“…Likewise, the level of BDNF was reduced in the brain exposed to scopolamine as had been observed previously [45].…”

“…Further, the increase of oxidative stress was reported to exhibit a positive correlation with the activity of ChAT and GPx, whereas it demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with the level of MDA and protein carbonyls[45]. Meanwhile, the administration of Pal-5HT significantly enhanced antioxidant defense by suppressing the increase of lipid peroxidation and the decrease of GSH level in the brain of mice treated with scopolamine.…”

Deer Bone Extract Prevents Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

“…Passive avoidance task was performed using a passive avoidance apparatus ( Jungdo Bio and Plant Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea) to find the appropriate dose among several doses for in vivo experiment. 4,21 This apparatus is comprised of two equal compartments (20 · 20 · 20 cm) separated by a guillotine door (5 · 5 cm). For the acquisition trial, mice were initially placed in the illuminated compartment and the door between the two compartments was opened 20 s later.…”

Antiamnesic and Antioxidants Effects of Ferulago angulata Essential Oil Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Laboratory Rats

“…Scopolamine has been used as a reference drug for inducing age and dementia related cognitive deficits in healthy humans and animals [4]. It is a well-established amnesic drug [5], impairing learning and memory in rodents and humans, especially in the processes of learning acquisition and short-term memory [6].…”