Inhibitory effects on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> of antibacterial agents mixed with experimental fluoride varnish

Abstract

We investigated the inhibitory effect of antibacterial agents mixed with experimental fluoride varnish (EFV) on Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial agents used were (1 and 10) mM of xanthorrhizol, bakuchiol, bavachalcone, isobavachromene, and bavachromene. Agar diffusion tests were performed on S. mutans (1.1×10 10 CFU/mL), using antibacterial agents without and with EFV. Bavachalcone showed the highest inhibition zone without and with EFV at both (1 and 10) mM (p<0.05). All EFV with antibacterial agents showed greater inhibition and semi-inhibition zones than EFV alone (p<0.05). The cell viability of each antibacterial agent was not significantly different from the vehicle controls (p>0.05), except xanthorrhizol and bakuchiol at 1 mM. All antibacterial agents were effective, while antibacterial agents with EFV co-formulations were more effective than EFV alone. Bavachalcone was the most effective agent against S. mutans, indicating its potential usefulness with fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries.

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoclastogenic activities of <i>Colocasia antiquorum</i> var. <i>esculenta</i>: Potential applications in preventing and treating periodontal diseases

“…With regard to the sustainability of antibacterial activity, CA showed a higher antibacterial effect when mixed with the experimental FV than when the FV was applied alone. FV is clinically very effective in preventing dental caries and has a slight antibacterial effect 18,[25][26][27][28] . The experimental FV was used as a vehicle or carrier for CA in the study, and we confirmed that the antibacterial effect was sustained for up to 3 days when CA was combined with the FV.…”

“…To serve as a vehicle for CA in the antibacterial activity sustainability test, a FV was prepared as follows: 45 wt% rosin (KR-610, Arakawa Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), 50 wt% solvent (ethanol, absolute ≥99.7% purity, Merck, NJ, USA), and 5 wt% sodium fluoride were mixed using an overhead stirrer (RW20DZM.n, IKA Korea, Seoul, Korea) at 240 rpm for 30 min in a double boiler at 80-100ºC on a hot plate (RCH-3, Tokyo Rikakikai, Tokyo, Japan) 18) .…”

Isobavachalcone: A comprehensive review of its plant sources, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, pharmacological activities and related molecular mechanisms

“…When the efflux pump components (AcrAB, TolC) were absent or in the presence of efflux pump inhibitors, the antibacterial activity of IBC was significantly increased (Kuete et al, 2010). IBC can bind well to the surface protein SrtA of S. mutans, thus showing an inhibitory effect on S. mutans (Salmanli, Tatar Yilmaz, & Tuzuner, 2021; Son, Kim, Oh, & Bae, 2020). IBC also has certain antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Chiang et al, 2010; Pollo et al, 2020).…”

Antibacterial activities of phytochemicals against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> with and without experimental fluoride varnish for periodontal disease prevention

“…However, pathogenic bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance and facilitate the dysbiosis of microbial flora in the human body 11) . Therefore, phytochemicals have received increasing attention as potential antibacterial agents owing to the fewer side effects than antibiotics [12][13][14][15] . Periodontal disease can be managed via a local drug delivery system, in which medication is injected directly into the periodontal pocket to maintain an effective concentration [16][17][18] .…”