Inhibitory Effects on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin 12 Using Clobetasol Propionate Loaded Tea Tree Oil Nanoemulsion Gel on Animal Model

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of our study is to explore anti-inflammatory activity at its molecular level like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 12 (IL-12) expression, and histopathological study. Methods:As per solubility/miscibility of clobetasol propionate (CP) with tea tree oil (TTO), surfactant and cosurfactant (S mix ), and water in a ratio of oil:S mix :water (15:35:50) taken in milliliter for the preparation of nanoemulsion. Induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was used for the study. TNF-α and interleukin 12 (IL-12) were estimated with rabbit antimouse TNF-α and rat antimouse IL-12 antibodies in 1% of bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffer.Results: Topical application of CP loaded nanoemulsion gel inhibits ear inflammation and erythema in DNFB-induced ACD in mice and significantly reduces the intracellular edema and infiltration with inflammatory mediator cells involving of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. CP loaded nanoemulsion gel reduces expression of protein level of TNF-α and IL-12.Conclusion: CP loaded nanoemulsion gel confirmed that anti-inflammatory effects showed more rapidly than the placebo and marketed gel preparation. However, the animals treated with placebo nanoemulsion gel showed a somehow comparable reduction of their inflammation during treatment compared with the marketed gel. This effect may be due to anti-inflammatory effect of TTO. This result suggested that anti-inflammatory activity of placebo nanoemulsion gel may be due to TTO present in nanoemulsion as vehicle.

Can Essential Oils/Botanical Agents Smart-Nanoformulations Be the Winning Cards against Psoriasis?

“…Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was used to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of the placebo, and drug-loaded nanoemulsions and results revealed inhibition of edema that was higher in the drug-loaded nanoemulsion than the placebo (84.5% versus 34%) [ 131 ]. Furthermore, both formulations showed reduction in erythema, ear thickness and edema score, and significantly reduced the protein expression of IL-12 and TNF in the dinitroflurobenzene model [ 132 ].…”

Ketoconazole Laden Microemulsion Based Gel Formulation Against Skin Fungal Infection

“…The observations of response variables (as shown in table 6) were fed into the software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the statistical data and the p-value<0.05 was referred to as significant [23,24].…”