Inhibitory Interhemispheric Visuovisual Interaction in Motion Perception

Brandt, Thomas; Marx, Esther; Stephan, Thomas; Bense, Sandra; Dieterich, Marianne

doi:10.1196/annals.1303.025

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since forward motion regularly induces bilateral optic flow stimuli continuous motion perception would be rather distracting. The observed non-activation in primary visual regions might hence reflect a functional decrement in the sensitivity needed to perceive motion [33]. Furthermore, our results indirectly support the assumption of a second pathway leading from the retina to MT+ perhaps via the SC [34], or a direct LGN input to MT+ [35], [36] without significant involvement of V1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Optic Flow Stimuli in and Near the Visual Field Centre: A Group fMRI Study of Motion Sensitive Regions

Ohlendorf

Sprenger²,

Speck³

et al. 2008

PLoS ONE

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Motion stimuli in one visual hemifield activate human primary visual areas of the contralateral side, but suppress activity of the corresponding ipsilateral regions. While hemifield motion is rare in everyday life, motion in both hemifields occurs regularly whenever we move. Consequently, during motion primary visual regions should simultaneously receive excitatory and inhibitory inputs. A comparison of primary and higher visual cortex activations induced by bilateral and unilateral motion stimuli is missing up to now. Many motion studies focused on the MT+ complex in the parieto-occipito-temporal cortex. In single human subjects MT+ has been subdivided in area MT, which was activated by motion stimuli in the contralateral visual field, and area MST, which responded to motion in both the contra- and ipsilateral field. In this study we investigated the cortical activation when excitatory and inhibitory inputs interfere with each other in primary visual regions and we present for the first time group results of the MT+ subregions, allowing for comparisons with the group results of other motion processing studies. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated whole brain activations in a large group of healthy humans by applying optic flow stimuli in and near the visual field centre and performed a second level analysis. Primary visual areas were activated exclusively by motion in the contralateral field but to our surprise not by central flow fields. Inhibitory inputs to primary visual regions appear to cancel simultaneously occurring excitatory inputs during central flow field stimulation. Within MT+ we identified two subregions. Putative area MST (pMST) was activated by ipsi- and contralateral stimulation and located in the anterior part of MT+. The second subregion was located in the more posterior part of MT+ (putative area MT, pMT).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Optic Flow Stimuli in and Near the Visual Field Centre: A Group fMRI Study of Motion Sensitive Regions

Ohlendorf

Sprenger²,

Speck³

et al. 2008

PLoS ONE

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“…The interhemispheric V1 projections were the only visual system tract demonstrating significant changes between groups. These changes may contribute to the mild deficit in motion perception observed in individuals following early monocular enucleation [for review, see Kelly et al, ; Steeves et al, ], as effective motion processing has been shown to rely on interhemispheric communication between V1 [Brandt et al, ]. As well, given the relative lateralization of many face processes, interhemispheric communication can be necessary for efficient functioning [Mohr et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered white matter structure in the visual system following early monocular enucleation

Wong

Rafique

Kelly

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Partial visual deprivation from early monocular enucleation (the surgical removal of one eye within the first few years of life) results in a number of long-term morphological adaptations in adult cortical and subcortical visual, auditory, and multisensory brain regions. In this study, we investigated whether early monocular enucleation also results in the altered development of white matter structure. Diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography were performed to assess potential differences in visual system white matter in adult participants who had undergone early monocular enucleation compared to binocularly intact controls. To examine the microstructural properties of these tracts, mean diffusion parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were extracted bilaterally. Asymmetries opposite to those observed in controls were found for FA, MD, and RD in the optic radiations, the projections from primary visual cortex (V1) to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and the interhemispheric V1 projections of early monocular enucleation participants. Early monocular enucleation was also associated with significantly lower FA bidirectionally in the interhemispheric V1 projections. These differences were consistently greater for the tracts contralateral to the enucleated eye, and are consistent with the asymmetric LGN volumes and optic tract diameters previously demonstrated in this group of participants. Overall, these results indicate that early monocular enucleation has long-term effects on white matter structure in the visual pathway that results in reduced fiber organization in tracts contralateral to the enucleated eye. Hum Brain Mapp 39:133-144, 2018.V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Interhemispheric inhibition between cortical regions contributes to hemisphere dominance leading to a lateralization of complex brain functions such as language [81]. In the visual, somatosensory and auditory system, interhemispheric inhibition is also thought to support additional higher order properties such as stimulus location [34,35], and attention [11,12,14]. Here, our functional recordings show focal stimulus selectively enhances the response amplitude of similarly tuned contralateral neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Different theories exist, pertaining to how they contribute to neural computations, in particular with regards to their inhibitory or excitatory effect [9,10]. Interhemispheric inhibition has been suggested to facilitate visual [11,12] and somatosensory processing [13,14] by increasing the perceptual threshold in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere, and thereby shifting attention to the relevant input. A functional diversity of interhemispheric connections is present in the auditory system, where both inhibitory and excitatory interhemispheric interactions have been observed [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interhemispheric connections between olfactory bulbs improve odor detection

Kermen

Yaksi

2019

Preprint

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SUMMARYInterhemispheric connections enable interaction and integration of sensory information in bilaterian nervous systems and are thought to optimize sensory computations. However, the cellular and spatial organization of interhemispheric networks as well as the computational properties they mediate in vertebrates are still poorly understood. Thus, it remains unclear to which extent the connectivity between left and right brain hemispheres participates in sensory processing. Here, we show that the zebrafish olfactory bulbs (OBs) receive direct interhemispheric projections from their contralateral counterparts in addition to top-down inputs from the contralateral zebrafish homolog of olfactory cortex. The direct interhemispheric projections between the OBs reach peripheral layers of the contralateral OB and retain a fine-grained topographic organization, which directly connects similarly tuned olfactory glomeruli across hemispheres. In contrast, interhemispheric top-down inputs consist of diffuse projections that broadly innervate the inhibitory granule cell layer. Jointly, these interhemispheric connections elicit a balance of topographically organized excitation and non-topographic inhibition on the contralateral OB and modulate odor responses. We show that the interhemispheric connections in the olfactory system enable the modulation of odor response and improve the detection of a reproductive pheromone, when presented together with competing complex olfactory cues, by boosting the response of the pheromone selective neurons. Taken together, our data shows a previously unknown function for an interhemispheric connection between chemosensory maps of the olfactory system.

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Inhibitory Interhemispheric Visuovisual Interaction in Motion Perception

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Optic Flow Stimuli in and Near the Visual Field Centre: A Group fMRI Study of Motion Sensitive Regions

Optic Flow Stimuli in and Near the Visual Field Centre: A Group fMRI Study of Motion Sensitive Regions

Altered white matter structure in the visual system following early monocular enucleation

Interhemispheric connections between olfactory bulbs improve odor detection

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