Inhibitory Processes Relate Differently to Balance/Reaction Time Dual Tasks in Young and Older Adults

Mendelson, D. N.; Redfern, Mark S.; Nebes, Robert D.; Jennings, J. Richard

doi:10.1080/13825580902914040

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A more probable explanation for insufficient downweighting is deficient suppression of visual motion cues suggestive of impaired inhibitory processing (Dickin, Brown, & Doan, 2006;Mendelson, Redfern, Nebes, & Richard Jennings, 2009;). This reasoning fits well with prior findings that touch gain is also heightened (i.e., that impaired inhibition may be a generalized deficit and not specific to vision, which would be curious).…”

Section: Average Gainmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Dynamics of Visual Reweighting in Healthy and Fall-Prone Older Adults

Jeka

Allison

Kiemel

2010

Journal of Motor Behavior

110

107

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Multisensory reweighting (MSR) is an adaptive process that prioritizes the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory inputs to provide the most reliable information for postural stability when environmental conditions change. This process is thought to degrade with increasing age and to be particularly deficient in fall-prone versus healthy older adults. In the present study, the authors investigate the dynamics of sensory reweighting, which is not well-understood at any age. Postural sway of young, healthy, and fall-prone older adults was measured in response to large changes in the visual motion stimulus amplitude within a trial. Absolute levels of gain, and the rate of adaptive gain change were examined when visual stimulus amplitude changed from high to low and from low to high. Compared with young adults, gains in both older adult groups were higher when the stimulus amplitude was high. Gains in the fall-prone elderly were higher than both other groups when the stimulus amplitude was low. Both older groups demonstrated slowed sensory reweighting over prolonged time periods when the stimulus amplitude was high. The combination of higher vision gains and slower down weighting in older adults suggest deficits that may contribute to postural instability.

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Section: Average Gainmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Dynamics of Visual Reweighting in Healthy and Fall-Prone Older Adults

Jeka

Allison

Kiemel

2010

Journal of Motor Behavior

110

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The response is a key press from either the right or left index finger. Two types of RT tasks are used: one that creates a perceptual conflict and one that creates a motor conflict [see 11, 21, 27 for methodological details]. Briefly, the perceptual task uses an arrow pointing to the right or left either positioned on the right or left side of the screen (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Inhibition Associated with Sensory Integration for Balance in Older Adults

Redfern

Chambers

Sparto

et al. 2018

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: Inhibition associated with perception has been implicated in sensory integration processes for balance when sensory conflict occurs. The current study examines the associations of three measures of inhibition (perceptual inhibition, motor inhibition, and Stroop interference) with standing balance under sensory conflict conditions in younger and older adults. Methods: Perceptual inhibition, motor inhibition, and Stroop interference were measured in younger and older subjects. Standing balance under conditions of sensory conflict was evaluated using a modified dynamic posturography protocol. Correlative analysis was performed to examine the associations between the inhibition measures and sway. Results: In older adults only, perceptual inhibition was correlated with sway when sensory conflict was present. Stroop interference and motor inhibition were not significantly correlated with sway under any posturography conditions. Conclusion: Measures of perceptual inhibition are associated with reduced sensory integration capability for balance during sensory conflict conditions in older adults.

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“…23 In contrast, impairments in executive function lead to the inability to rapidly selectively focus on relevant afferent stimuli and/or alter routine motor patterns when they become inappropriate or unnecessary. As such older subjects with inhibitory executive impairments demonstrate decreased balance in the setting of multiple afferent stimuli 24 and are at increased risk for falls and injury, 22,25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex and Simple Clinical Reaction Times Are Associated with Gait, Balance, and Major Fall Injury in Older Subjects with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Richardson

Eckner

Allet

et al. 2017

American Journal of Physical Medicine &Amp; Rehabilitation

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Objective To identify relationships between complex and simple clinical measures of reaction time (RTclin), and indicators of balance in older subjects with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Design Prospective cohort design. Complex RTclin Accuracy, Simple RTclin Latency, and their ratio were determined using a novel device in 42 subjects (age = 69.1 ± 8.3 yrs), 26 with DPN and 16 without. Dependent variables included unipedal stance time (UST), step width variability and range on an uneven surface, and major fall-related injury over 12 months. Results In the DPN subjects the ratio of Complex RTclin Accuracy:Simple RTclin Latency was strongly associated with longer UST (r/p = .653/.004), and decreased step width variability and range (r/p = −.696/.001 and −.782/<.001, respectively) on an uneven surface. Additionally, the two DPN subjects sustaining major injuries had lower Complex RTclin Accuracy:Simple: RTclin Latency than those without. Conclusions The ratio of Complex RTclin Accuracy:Simple RTclin Latency is a potent predictor of UST and frontal plane gait variability in response to perturbations, and may predict major fall injury in older subjects with DPN. These short latency neurocognitive measures may compensate for lower limb neuromuscular impairments, and provide a more comprehensive understanding of balance and fall risk.

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Inhibitory Processes Relate Differently to Balance/Reaction Time Dual Tasks in Young and Older Adults

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

The Dynamics of Visual Reweighting in Healthy and Fall-Prone Older Adults

The Dynamics of Visual Reweighting in Healthy and Fall-Prone Older Adults

Perceptual Inhibition Associated with Sensory Integration for Balance in Older Adults

Complex and Simple Clinical Reaction Times Are Associated with Gait, Balance, and Major Fall Injury in Older Subjects with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

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