Inhibitory role of the spinal cholinergic system in the control of urethral continence reflex during sneezing in rats

Kitta, Takeya; Miyazato, Minoru; Sumino, Yasuhiro; Yoshimura, Naoki

doi:10.1002/nau.22431

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The neostigmine-induced decrease in sneeze-induced urethral responses was reversed by pretreatment with atropine (nonselective mACh antagonist), methoctramine (M2 receptor antagonist) or 4-DAMP (M3 receptor antagonist), but not with pirenzepine (M1 receptor antagonist), tropicamide (M4 receptor antagonist), or mecamylamine (nicotinic receptor antagonist), suggesting the involvement of M2 and M3 mACh in muscarinic receptor-mediated modulation of urethral function (695). …”

Section: Neurotransmitters In Central Pathways Controlling Micturitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract

Groat

Griffiths

Yoshimura

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

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358

527

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This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry and neurotransmitter mechanisms controlling the lower urinary tract. The functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia that coordinates the activity of smooth and striated muscles of the bladder and urethral outlet. The neural control of micturition is organized as a hierarchical system in which spinal storage mechanisms are in turn regulated by circuitry in the rostral brain stem that initiates reflex voiding. Input from the forebrain triggers voluntary voiding by modulating the brain stem circuitry. Many neural circuits controlling the lower urinary tract exhibit switch-like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all-or-none manner. The major component of the micturition switching circuit is a spinobulbospinal parasympathetic reflex pathway that has essential connections in the periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center. A computer model of this circuit that mimics the switching functions of the bladder and urethra at the onset of micturition is described. Micturition occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3 to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. Diseases or injuries of the nervous system in adults can cause the re-emergence of involuntary micturition, leading to urinary incontinence. Neuroplasticity underlying these developmental and pathological changes in voiding function is discussed.

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Section: Neurotransmitters In Central Pathways Controlling Micturitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract

Groat

Griffiths

Yoshimura

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

Self Cite

358

527

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In AD brain, AChE activity increases, which might decrease ACh level [10]. Our results showed that the AChE activity increased upon LPS stimulation.…”

Section: Effect Of Flz On the Ache Andmentioning

confidence: 54%

FLZ attenuates learning and memory deficits via suppressing neuroinflammation induced by LPS in mice

Bao

Pang

et al. 2015

Journal of Asian Natural Products Research

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation plays an important role. FLZ is a novel synthetic derivative of natural squamosamide. Previous studies demonstrated that FLZ had neuroprotective effects on AD models and showed strong anti-inflammatory property in Parkinson's disease models. However, whether the neuroprotective effects of FLZ on AD are associated with its anti-inflammatory property is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ability of FLZ in modulating inflammation. The results showed that FLZ significantly improved memory deficits and alleviated neuronal damage as well as neuronal loss in the hippocampus of mice intracerebroventricular injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mechanistic studies revealed that the neuroprotective effects of FLZ were due to the suppression of neuroinflammation induced by LPS, as indicated by inactivation of astrocytes and microglia, reduced production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide, as well as decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The beneficial effects of FLZ on AD were further supported by the finding that FLZ attenuated β-amyloid production through inhibiting β-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 expression. These results suggested that anti-inflammatory agent could be useful for the treatment of AD.

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“…Therefore, the contribution of NMDA receptors to urethral continence reflexes needs to be elucidated in future studies. In addition, we recently reported that the cholinergic system in the spinal cord has an inhibitory effect on the sneeze‐induced continence reflex via activation of M2 and/or M3 muscarinic receptors . Thus, further studies are also needed to explore the interaction of the glutamatergic system with other transmitter mechanisms such as spinal cholinergic pathways in the urethral closure reflexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%