Inhomogeneity of Fecal Flora in Separately Reared Laboratory Mice, as Detected by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE)

Gender Difference in the Composition of Fecal Flora in Laboratory Mice, as Detected by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE)

“…Enhancement of the mean values of the distances at week 1 was also noted in our previous report [8]. We assume this change refl ects disturbance in the composition of intestinal fl ora caused by the stress of transfer and change to a new environment.…”

“…PCR-DGGE was performed as previously reported [8]. Fecal samples were dissolved in 2 ml of sterile PBS (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM kCl, 10 mM Na 2 hPO 4 7h 2 O, 1.8 mM kh 2 PO 4 , ph 7.4) and vortexed for 10 min, followed by centrifugation for 2 min at 30 × g. The supernatant was then centrifuged for 5 min at 12,000 × g. The supernatant was discarded and DNa was extracted from the pellet using a DNa extraction kit (ISOGEN, Nippon Gene, Japan).…”

Inbred Mouse Populations Exhibit Intergenerational Changes in Intestinal Microbiota Composition and Function Following Introduction to a Facility

“…Variance in the gut microbiome clearly has the potential to affect our ability to replicate experimental findings, and is an essential consideration when designing investigations. Our findings extend previous reports that describe intestinal microbiota changes that occur when mice move from suppliers to research facilities (Fushuku and Fukuda, 2008b; Hoy et al, 2015). We observed substantial changes in both microbiota composition and its functionality, over subsequent mice generations within a highly controlled facility.…”

“…Referred to as the intestinal metabolome, this extracellular milieu is a key mediator of many microbiota-host signaling interactions, and influence disease and health outcomes (Andoh et al, 2003; Vinolo et al, 2011). The microbial community of mice were previously observed to undergo a period of equilibration and stabilization when transferred from a mouse farm or vendor into an animal facility (Fushuku and Fukuda, 2008b; Hoy et al, 2015). However, the extent to which these changes dissipate or persist over successive generations is not known.…”

γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes are essential mediators of host–microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosal surface

“…Germfree TCRδ −/− mice are not available, precluding analysis of the protective effects of γδ T cells against mucosal penetration by single resident bacterial species. However, cohousing of mice that have been previously caged separately introduces new resident bacterial species into the gastrointestinal tract and/or alters the abundances of species already present (3,18,19). We therefore used cohousing to test whether γδ T cells protect against penetration of resident bacteria during acquisition of new resident species from other mice and from the environment.…”