An inverse problem for determining the order of the Caputo
time-fractional derivative in a subdiffusion equation with an
arbitrary positive self-adjoint operator A with discrete
spectrum is considered. By the Fourier method it is proved that
the value of {\|Au(t)\|}, where {u(t)} is the solution of the
forward problem, at a fixed time instance recovers uniquely the
order of derivative. A list of examples is discussed, including
linear systems of fractional differential equations, differential
models with involution, fractional Sturm–Liouville operators, and
many others.