2021
DOI: 10.1144/sp518-2020-262
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Initial Cenozoic magmatic activity in East Africa: new geochemical constraints on magma distribution within the Eocene continental flood basalt province

Abstract: The initial interaction between material rising from the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province and the African lithosphere manifests as the Eocene continental large igneous province (LIP), centered on southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Here we present a geographically well-distributed geochemical dataset comprising the flood basalt lavas of the Eocene continental LIP to refine the regional volcano-stratigraphy into three distinct magmatic units: (1) the highly-alkaline small-volume Akobo Basalts (49.4–4… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…Between the poorly understood Paleogene rifting event and the onset of extension in East Africa, one or more plumes impinged on the base of the lithosphere, resulting in flood magmatism (e.g., George et al., 1998; Pik et al., 2006) in the southwestern part of the Ethiopian plateau, and what is now the southern MER (Figure 1b). This ∼45 to 35 Ma period of magmatism is not associated with any surface extension, although dikes feeding the lavas must have caused some crustal extension (e.g., Steiner et al., 2022). The southern extent of the flood basalts is ∼5.5°N (Steiner et al., 2022).…”
Section: Geodynamic and Tectonic Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Between the poorly understood Paleogene rifting event and the onset of extension in East Africa, one or more plumes impinged on the base of the lithosphere, resulting in flood magmatism (e.g., George et al., 1998; Pik et al., 2006) in the southwestern part of the Ethiopian plateau, and what is now the southern MER (Figure 1b). This ∼45 to 35 Ma period of magmatism is not associated with any surface extension, although dikes feeding the lavas must have caused some crustal extension (e.g., Steiner et al., 2022). The southern extent of the flood basalts is ∼5.5°N (Steiner et al., 2022).…”
Section: Geodynamic and Tectonic Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the Oligocene the flood basalt volcanism mainly emplaced over only ∼1 Myr, at about 30 Ma, associated with the onset of rifting and the effect of a mantle plume (Ebinger et al, 1993;Eid et al, 2021;C. Hofmann et al, 1997;Kieffer et al, 2004;Marty et al, 1996;Pik et al, 1999;Steiner et al, 2022;Zumbo et al, 1995).…”
Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Volcanism in EARS began around 45 Ma in central and southern Ethiopia with the emplacement of the Ethiopian flood basalts and kimberlite magmas along the margins of the Tanzanian craton. During the Oligocene the flood basalt volcanism mainly emplaced over only ∼1 Myr, at about 30 Ma, associated with the onset of rifting and the effect of a mantle plume (Ebinger et al., 1993; Eid et al., 2021; C. Hofmann et al., 1997; Kieffer et al., 2004; Marty et al., 1996; Pik et al., 1999; Steiner et al., 2022; Zumbo et al., 1995).…”
Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…674 In the case of the EARS, re-fertilisation of the SCLM likely occurred during the Archean and Pan-675 African events (Figure9) and different mechanisms for explaining SCLM melting have been 676 proposed. The arrival of the hot plume material at the base of the lithosphere could provide the heat 677 necessary to trigger melting at the base of the lithosphere (e.g.,Rogers et al, 1998; Beccaluva et al, 678 2009), especially in easily fusible metasomatic portions(Steiner et al, 2022). Alternatively, portions 679 of the bottom of the lithosphere could be physically transported through later advection into a region 680 of melting near the boundary of thick lithospheric domains such as those expected at the margin of 681 cratons(Muirhead et al, 2020).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%