“…[29][30][31] A ''hybrid'' video baby scope (Olympus XCHF-BP160F) integrates a 1.2-mm accessory channel into a 2.8-mm external diameter scope. 33 The CCD unit of this prototype is located in the control section, instead of at the tip of the scope, and thus protects the video chip from the usual scope trauma and may improve the durability of the scope. However, the image quality of hybrid cholangioscopes with the CCD unit located in the control section is inferior to those with the CCD unit located at the tip of the scope.…”
“…An earlier prototype had a 0.5-mm accessory channel large enough for targeted cell and pancreatic juice aspiration under direct vision, but was too small for biopsy forceps. 33 A current prototype with a 1.2-mm biopsy channel has not been clinically evaluated.…”
“…[29][30][31] A ''hybrid'' video baby scope (Olympus XCHF-BP160F) integrates a 1.2-mm accessory channel into a 2.8-mm external diameter scope. 33 The CCD unit of this prototype is located in the control section, instead of at the tip of the scope, and thus protects the video chip from the usual scope trauma and may improve the durability of the scope. However, the image quality of hybrid cholangioscopes with the CCD unit located in the control section is inferior to those with the CCD unit located at the tip of the scope.…”
“…An earlier prototype had a 0.5-mm accessory channel large enough for targeted cell and pancreatic juice aspiration under direct vision, but was too small for biopsy forceps. 33 A current prototype with a 1.2-mm biopsy channel has not been clinically evaluated.…”
“…In the late 1990s videoendoscopes were introduced that improved the optical resolution significantly. The videocholangiopancreatoscopes [10][11][12] have charge-coupled device (CCD) technology at the distal end of the endoscope. The [13,14] and thus provide improved ability to detect abnormal vascularization of biliary mucosa, which is of importance for diagnosis of certain biliary malignancies.…”
“…A prototype electronic baby scope (Olympus XCHF-BP160F) has been developed which has an external diameter of 2.8 mm and includes a 1.2 mm working channel. 12 However, the CCD of this scope is located at the control section which results in an inferior image. All baby scopes require a separate light source, image processor and a water-air pump.…”
Section: Fiberoptic and Electronic "Baby" Scopesmentioning
Direct endoscopic views of bile duct have been described in literature since the 1970s. Since then rapid strides have been made with the advent of technologically advanced systems with better image quality and maneuverability. The single operator semi-disposable per-oral cholangioscope and other novel methods such as the cholangioscopy access balloon are likely to revolutionize this field. Even though cholangioscopy is currently used primarily for characterization of indeterminate strictures and management of large bile duct stones, the diagnostic and therapeutic indications are likely to expand in future. The following is an overview of the currently available per-oral cholangioscopy equipments, indications for use and future directions.
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