Initial impressions of ChatGPT for anatomy education

Abstract

The release of Open AI's ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) in November 2022 has generated widespread attention and speculations in the world's mainstream media, social media, and tech industries. 1 It can perform text production, translation, and even answer questions based on the input it receives. 2 For instance, it can produce well-organized essays, poetry, and computer programs. In a recent white paper by the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business, the ChatGPT chatbot scored high enough in a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) OperationsManagement course to earn a final exam grade of at least a "B-". 3 Within higher education, ChatGPT introduces a mix of new challenges and promises related to teaching and learning, curriculum design, and assessment approaches. 1,3 Proponents of this technology boast that it is the best Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot ever created and could be an advantageous tool for students, if used properly; whilst others warn that ChatGPT has the potential to spread misinformation masked as advanced falsehoods. 4,5 The online propagation of misinformation (false and inaccurate information) and disinformation (false information that is intentionally designed to mislead) are serious matters that could impede society's ability to improve public health, tackle climate change, and address other impactful issues. Some institutions have already prohibited the use of ChatGPT on school-owned computers and networks out of concern that it will unwittingly encourage academic dishonesty. 1,6 To counter some of the unintended consequences of ChatGPT, a new application, GPTZero released in January of 2023, returns a plagiarism score to estimate the likelihood of an AI-written document.GPTZero is a free tool that educators can add to their arsenal to ensure the originality of students' work. Like many, I am constantly intrigued by new technologies that can enhance anatomy teaching and learning. As such, I could not wait to experiment with this new AI chatbot. My initial views of ChatGPT and its responses to inquiries about human anatomy are presented here.

Do AI chatbots improve students learning outcomes? Evidence from a meta‐analysis

“…For example, ChatGPT could grade written assignments and provide constructive suggestions for improving writing and speaking (van Dis et al, 2023). Additionally, ChatGPT could provide personalized learning for a large number of students anytime and anywhere (Mogali, 2023). Nevertheless, there is a notable paucity of empirical research focusing specifically on the use of ChatGPT in education.…”

Comparison of the Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 With That of Medical Students on the Written German Medical Licensing Examination: Observational Study

“…Thus, health care professionals could potentially benefit, especially from GPT-4's conclusive and often nonobvious insights to multiple-choice questions, as these users have the ability to verify crucial details [13,14,41]. For instance, there is potential for using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in a medical education tutoring environment, as evidenced by its successful application in anatomy [47]. However, when using either GPT-3.5 or GPT-4 for medical applications, its differing accuracy across specialties must also be taken into account [48].…”

Overview of Early ChatGPT’s Presence in Medical Literature: Insights From a Hybrid Literature Review by ChatGPT and Human Experts

“…ChatGPT has been explored as a tool for medical education, particularly in enhancing learning, interpretation, and recall of medical information [ 11 , 12 ]. Some studies have shown that ChatGPT can provide reliable information comparable to medical students in specific medical fields such as parasitology.…”