Initial Interactions of Subgenus D Adenoviruses with A549 Cellular Receptors: Sialic Acid versus α _v Integrins

Abstract

Selected members of the adenovirus family have been shown to interact with the coxsackie adenovirus receptor, αvintegrins, and sialic acid on target cells. Initial interactions of subgenus D adenoviruses with target cells have until now been poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that adenovirus type 8 (Ad8), Ad19a, and Ad37 use sialic acid as a functional cellular receptor, whereas the Ad9 and Ad19 prototypes do not.

Characterization of E3/49K, a Novel, Highly Glycosylated E3 Protein of the Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis-Causing Adenovirus Type 19a

“…Cells were rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fixed with 3% (wt/vol) paraformaldehyde in PBS for 20 min at room temperature. After quenching aldehyde groups with 50 mM NH 4 Cl and 20 mM glycine in PBS, cells were permeabilized with 0.2% saponin in PBS with 5% FCS to block nonspecific binding. The cells were incubated with the primary antibody diluted in 0.2% saponin-5% FCS in PBS for 1 h at room temperature, washed four times in the above buffer without FCS, and incubated with the secondary antibody (fluorescein-or rhodamine-conjugated goat or donkey anti-mouse, anti-rabbit, or anti-sheep immunoglobulin G, respectively; Dianova, Hamburg, Germany) for 1 h. After four further washing steps the coverslips were mounted on glass slides with Histogel (Linaris, Wertheim-Bettingen, Germany).…”

“…In addition, the ␣2 domain of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, expressed in all nucleated cells, was proposed as a low-affinity receptor for Ad5 (15,30). Interestingly, while the subgenus D Ads Ad9, Ad15, and Ad19p were shown to attach to CAR (57), the EKC-causing members of subgenus D, Ad8, Ad19a, and Ad37, seem to utilize ␣(233)-linked sialic acid but not CAR (3,4). Although striking, this common feature of EKC-causing Ads cannot explain their distinct pathogenesis in the eye, since sialic acid is expressed on virtually all cell types of the body.…”

“…Although striking, this common feature of EKC-causing Ads cannot explain their distinct pathogenesis in the eye, since sialic acid is expressed on virtually all cell types of the body. Thus, the basis for the distinct disease patterns most likely has to be sought at the postattachment level (4,11,52).…”

Crystal Structure of Species D Adenovirus Fiber Knobs and Their Sialic Acid Binding Sites

“…On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that all EKCcausing adenoviruses use sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides as cellular receptors instead of CAR (3,4,5). This usage matches the unique pathogenicity of the EKC-causing adenoviruses (Ad8, Ad19a, and Ad37).…”

More symptoms with sialic receptor‐positive adenovirus in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

“…These three are closely related to HAdV-8, HAdV-19a and HAdV-37, and they all belong to species D (Hiroi et al 2013). Sialic acid is a known, functional receptor for HAdV-8, HAdV-19a and HAdV-37 (Arnberg et al 2000), and as the sialic acid-interacting knob domains of the fibre protein of HAdV-53, HAdV-54 and HAdV-56 are closely homologous to those of personal communication), it is likely that these species also use sialic acid as a cellular receptor. For patients with sialic receptor, the adenovirus viral load was higher at visit 1.…”