Initial ocular following in humans: A response to first-order motion energy

Sheliga, Boris M.; Chen, K.J.; FitzGibbon, Edmond J.; Miles, F. A.

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.03.011

Cited by 80 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In contrast, the gating hypothesis allows for preemptive selection of motion signals according to a particular defining feature, for instance, by enhancing the weight given to responses coming from a subset of motion detectors. Further, studies indicate that the open-loop response of tracking eye movements is a response to first-order motion (Wilmer and Nakayama 2007), as is initial ocular following (Sheliga et al 2005). Our data showed a response during the open-loop period in the attention compared with the control condition in experiments 1 and 4, favoring the gating hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Souto

Kerzel

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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In contrast to spatial attention, we know little about the role of feature-based attention in determining this ocular response. To probe feature-based effects of background motion on involuntary eye movements, we presented human observers with a balanced background perturbation. Two clouds of dots moved in opposite vertical directions while observers tracked a target moving in horizontal direction. Additionally, they had to discriminate a change in the direction of motion (Ϯ10°from vertical) of one of the clouds. A vertical ocular following response occurred in response to the motion of the attended cloud. When motion selection was based on motion direction and color of the dots, the peak velocity of the tracking response was 30% of the tracking response elicited in a single task with only one direction of background motion. In two other experiments, we tested the effect of the perturbation when motion selection was based on color, by having motion direction vary unpredictably, or on motion direction alone. Although the gain of pursuit in the horizontal direction was significantly reduced in all experiments, indicating a trade-off between perceptual and oculomotor tasks, ocular responses to perturbations were only observed when selection was based on both motion direction and color. It appears that selection by motion direction can only be effective for driving ocular tracking when the relevant elements can be segregated before motion onset. smooth pursuit eye movements; feature-based attention; attention; motion; eye movements A CENTRAL QUESTION IN UNDERSTANDING how perception and action may be articulated is whether perceptual selection and eye movement control rely on similar filtering mechanisms (for a review Kowler 2007;Schutz et al. 2011). Involuntary ocular tracking eye movements offer a good opportunity for understanding early filtering mechanisms given that their initiation can involve relatively few processing steps (for a review, see Masson and Perrinet 2012).Among involuntary tracking eye movements, ocular following is a quasireflexive response to motion covering a large part of the visual field (Kawano 1999;Miles et al. 1986), which is believed to reflect the unfolding of visual motion processing, providing a window on the link between neural computation and behavior (Ilg 1997;Lisberger et al. 1987;Masson and Perrinet 2012). Ocular following depends on first-order motion signals, with little input from higher order motion processing (Hayashi et al. 2008), suggesting that attention may have a minor role. However, this latter aspect is poorly understood, especially in relation to feature-based attention, the ability to select a specific feature dimension (e.g., motion, color, and shape), or value (upward vs. downward motion) across the visual field. In the context of voluntary and involuntary tracking eye movements, feature-based attention may have a role in helping integrate motion information across space, as for tracking surfaces occluded by objects in the foreground (e.g., Grossberg 1998; Mestre a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Souto

Kerzel

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…This view is supported by the similar short latencies of the arm muscle activity and ocular response for the large-field visual motion (Saijo et al, 2005). Additional specific features of OFR have been demonstrated recently (Sheliga et al, 2005(Sheliga et al, , 2006. By investigating additional similarities between the OFR and MFR, we would be able to argue about the details of the computational mechanisms of quick sensorimotor control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Spatiotemporal Tuning of Rapid Interactions between Visual-Motion Analysis and Reaching Movement

Gomi

Abekawa²,

Nishida³

2006

J. Neurosci.

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In addition to the goal-directed preplanned control, which strongly governs reaching movements, another type of control mechanism is suggested by recent findings that arm movements are rapidly entrained by surrounding visual motion. It remains, however, controversial whether this rapid manual response is generated in a goal-oriented manner similarly to preplanned control or is reflexively and directly induced by visual motion. To investigate the sensorimotor process underlying rapid manual responses induced by large-field visual motion, we examined the effects of contrast and spatiotemporal frequency of the visual-motion stimulus. The manual response amplitude increased steeply with image contrast up to 10% and leveled off thereafter. Regardless of the spatial frequency, the response amplitude increased almost proportionally to the logarithm of stimulus speed until the temporal frequency reached 15-20 Hz and then fell off. The maximum response was obtained at the lowest spatial frequency we examined (0.05 cycles/°). These stimulus specificities are surprisingly similar to those of the reflexive ocular-following response induced by visual motion, although there is no direct motor entrainment from the ocular to manual responses. In addition, the spatiotemporal tuning is clearly different from that of perceptual effects caused by visual motion. These comparisons suggest that the rapid manual response is generated by a reflexive sensorimotor mechanism. This mechanism shares a distinctive visual-motion processing stage with the reflexive control for other motor systems yet is distinct from visual-motion perception.

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“…The period of exposure to the visual stimulus was monitored by a photodiode (Sharp; SBC111) attached to the CRT monitor. Further details of this procedure have been described previously (39,40).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurons in cortical area MST remap the memory trace of visual motion across saccadic eye movements

Inaba

Kawano²

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Perception of a stable visual world despite eye motion requires integration of visual information across saccadic eye movements. To investigate how the visual system deals with localization of moving visual stimuli across saccades, we observed spatiotemporal changes of receptive fields (RFs) of motion-sensitive neurons across periods of saccades in the middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) areas. We found that the location of the RFs moved with shifts of eye position due to saccades, indicating that motion-sensitive neurons in both areas have retinotopic RFs across saccades. Different characteristic responses emerged when the moving visual stimulus was turned off before the saccades. For MT neurons, virtually no response was observed after the saccade, suggesting that the responses of these neurons simply reflect the reafferent visual information. In contrast, most MST neurons increased their firing rates when a saccade brought the location of the visual stimulus into their RFs, where the visual stimulus itself no longer existed. These findings suggest that the responses of such MST neurons after saccades were evoked by a memory of the stimulus that had preexisted in the postsaccadic RFs ("memory remapping"). A delayed-saccade paradigm further revealed that memory remapping in MST was linked to the saccade itself, rather than to a shift in attention. Thus, the visual motion information across saccades was integrated in spatiotopic coordinates and represented in the activity of MST neurons. This is likely to contribute to the perception of a stable visual world in the presence of eye movements.

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Initial ocular following in humans: A response to first-order motion energy

Cited by 80 publications

References 64 publications

Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Spatiotemporal Tuning of Rapid Interactions between Visual-Motion Analysis and Reaching Movement

Neurons in cortical area MST remap the memory trace of visual motion across saccadic eye movements

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