Initial Plasma Development of Field-Breakdown Triggered Vacuum Switch

Zhou, Zhengyang; Liao, Minfu; Zou, Jiyan; Lin, Fuchang; Zhang, Li; Li, Hua

doi:10.1109/tps.2010.2049850

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The arc trigger period is varied from 1.00 to 2.24 ms. During this period, the pulse voltage punctures a small gap between the trigger pin and the cathode, and then a small initial plasma is generated. The initial plasma diffuses into the main gap and the cathode emission spots are produced at the same time . The column arc forms at 2.24 ms, which develops afterwards until the arc transforms into a diffuse mode at 9.20 ms.…”

Section: Test Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of bias magnetic field on the vacuum arc in double‐break vacuum circuit breakers

Liao

Qiao

Lü

et al. 2018

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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When double-break vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) interrupt the fault current, the series arc will generate their individual magnetic fields in different breaks. The magnetic field in one break will influence the arc in another break if the magnetic field is strong enough or the two breaks are very close. In this case, an interactive magnetic field effect happens. This field is also called the bias magnetic field (BMF). BMF can cause anode erosion and affect the performance at current zero. The distribution of BMF and the optimal configuration of the double-break VCBs were obtained by the electromagnetic field simulation using the Ansoft Maxwell software. Based on the simulated magnetic field data, in the experiments, the interaction between the series vacuum arcs in double-break VCBs was equivalent to the interaction between a single vacuum arc and the magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz coil. A high-speed CMOS camera was used to record the trajectory of the vacuum arc plasma under different BMFs with different types of contacts. The results show the BMF can increase the arc voltage, and the arc becomes unstable. When the BMF becomes stronger, the arc voltage increases, and the arc becomes more unstable. In addition, for different types of contacts, the development process of the arc and the influence level are different under the same BMF. For a Wan-type transverse magnetic field (TMF) contact or strong BMF, metal sputtering is evident and anode erosion becomes serious. For a cup-type axial magnetic field (AMF) contact, the influence of BMF on the series arc plasma in double-break VCBs is less than that of the Wan-type TMF contact. The results of this work may be helpful for the design of compact double-break VCBs.

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Section: Test Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of bias magnetic field on the vacuum arc in double‐break vacuum circuit breakers

Liao

Qiao

Lü

et al. 2018

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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“…LPP diffuse into vacuum gap with high velocities under the accelerations of target explosions and gap electric fields [27,28]. The collisions of LPP with electrode surface would benefit to the formations of initial discharge channels in vacuum gaps, leading to the voltage fall of switch [29,30]. Due to the strong interactions of laser with target materials under sufficient laser energy, abundant initial plasma can be generated with highly enough initial velocities and complex compositions [31,32].…”

Section: Analysis On the Closing Process Of Dltvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing performances of double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch

et al. 2020

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To develop high-voltage-pulsed power switches with better performances, a multi-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch is proposed in this study. Based on established test prototype for double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch, closing processes of double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch are discussed combined with laser-produced plasma. Closing performances of double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch under different gap polarity configurations, operating voltages, laser energies and laser split ratios are investigated. Closing time delay characteristics of double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch and single-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch are compared later. The test results prove that, affected by the imbalanced developed initial plasma between gaps, double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch with two positive gaps and 1:1 laser split ratio presents best closing performances than other switches. With the rise of laser energy, closing delay time and jitter time of double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch both decrease, while the influences from increasing voltages are weak. Closing delay time of P-P type double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch can be controlled within 103 � 1.5 ns under 90 mJ laser energy, and it is about 10 ns longer than single-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch. For some direct current applications with changing voltage directions, P-N type double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch with 1:1 laser split ratio shows more stable closing performances. In addition, closing performances of double-gap laser-triggered vacuum switch can be further improved by optimizing the developments of initial plasma in series gaps. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…The electron temperature of the plasma is obtained using optical emission spectroscopy [9]. The characteristic lines of argon plasma exist mainly in the range 690-820 nm at a pressure of 2000 Pa and at microwave powers of 1-4 kW, which are used to calculate the electron temperature.…”

Section: Measurement Of Plasma Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A large-volume microwave plasma source based on parallel rectangular waveguides at low pressures

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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A large-volume microwave plasma with good stability, uniformity and high density is directly generated and sustained. A microwave cavity is assembled by upper and lower metal plates and two adjacently parallel rectangular waveguides with axial slots regularly positioned on their inner wide side. Microwave energy is coupled into the plasma chamber shaped by quartz glass to enclose the space of working gas at low pressures. The geometrical properties of the source and the existing modes of the electric field are determined and optimized by a numerical simulation without a plasma. The calculated field patterns are in agreement with the observed experimental results. Argon, helium, nitrogen and air are used to produce a plasma for pressures ranging from 1000 to 2000 Pa and microwave powers above 800 W. The electron density is measured with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to be on the order of 10 14 cm −3 and the electron temperature is obtained using atomic emission spectrometry to be in the range 2222-2264 K at a pressure of 2000 Pa at different microwave powers. It can be seen from the interferograms at different microwave powers that the distribution of the plasma electron density is stable and uniform.

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Initial Plasma Development of Field-Breakdown Triggered Vacuum Switch

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of bias magnetic field on the vacuum arc in double‐break vacuum circuit breakers

Influence of bias magnetic field on the vacuum arc in double‐break vacuum circuit breakers

Closing performances of double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch

A large-volume microwave plasma source based on parallel rectangular waveguides at low pressures

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