Initial Scale Development: Sample Size for Pilot Studies

Johanson, George A.; Brooks, Gordon P.

doi:10.1177/0013164409355692

Cited by 599 publications

(422 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Of these 257 were valid and complete. Using the reasoning that responses between 100 and 200 are considered to be sufficient for a pilot study intending to undertake a comprehensive item analysis [37], it was felt that 257 replies are suitable for this study. Due to the cultural aspects and to be respectful to older adults, the researcher made visits to the households of citizens with a female associate.…”

Section: Research Approach and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older Adults Adoption, Use and Diffusion of E-Government Services in Saudi Arabia, Hail City: A Quantitative Study

Alfalah¹,

Choudrie

Spencer

2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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Section: Research Approach and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older Adults Adoption, Use and Diffusion of E-Government Services in Saudi Arabia, Hail City: A Quantitative Study

Alfalah¹,

Choudrie

Spencer

2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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“…As a feasibility study, it was estimated that a sample of 40 participants with 20 in each group, assuming a drop-out rate of 20%, would be sufficient to provide data to answer the study questions [37,38]. Data was analysed by a statistician, blinded to the allocation of groups, using SPSS 17.0 statistical software packages.…”

Section: Sample Size and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of a Patient with Ptosis and Ataxia Diagnosed as Claude’s Syndrome Who Was Treated with Korean Medicine

김¹,

정²,

양³

et al. 2017

J Int Korean Med

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This study consisted of a single centre randomised controlled trial with two parallel arms: an acupuncture group ( = 20) with 27 affected eyes and a sham group ( = 20) with 23 affected eyes. Participants in the acupuncture group received acupuncture treatment once daily, three times weekly for four weeks. Participants assigned to the control group received sham acupuncture, the same protocol as that used for the acupuncture group but without insertion of needles into the skin. The primary outcome measure was the cervical range of motion (CROM) score. Secondary outcome measures were the palpebral fissure size, response rate, and adverse events. All 40 participants completed the study. In the comparison of acupuncture and sham acupuncture, a significant difference was observed between acupuncture and sham acupuncture in CROM score (21.37 ± 15.16 and 32.21 ± 19.54, resp.) ( < 0.05) and palpebral fissure size (7.19 ± 2.94 and 5.41 ± 2.45, resp.) ( < 0.05). Response rate was also significantly different in the acupuncture group ( < 0.05). No adverse events were reported in both groups in this study. In summary, it was demonstrated that acupuncture had a feasibility positive effect on oculomotor paralysis.

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“…However, if the validity test had been performed, it would have been more accurate to construct the validity of the post-test. Johanson and Brooks (2010) claim that there exist few recommendations about sample size for a pilot study in social science. To illustrate, Michael (1995, cited in Johanson & Brooks, 2010 Year 4, Issue 3, December 2016, p. 122-138 suggested 10 to 30 participants for a pilot study for practical reasons such as simplicity, easy calculation, and the ability to test hypotheses.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Need for Conceptually Fluent Language Learners: Rethinking the Use of Translation Method in the Teaching of Idioms

Yuvayapan¹

2016

ijlet

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Recently the notion of conceptual fluency has attracted much attention owing to its potential to native-like use of foreign language. It has conclusively been shown that comprehending the concepts of the target language, L2 learners may acquire the ability to speak as native speakers. Situated within the framework of developing conceptual fluency of L2 learners, this study examined whether the type of instruction has an effect on the conceptual fluency development of beginner level adult EFL learners. The participants consisting of 38 beginner level preparatory students of School of Foreign Languages of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University were divided into two groups. The experimental group was exposed to a translation method rested on the comparison of L1 and L2 concepts to learn idioms taken from the songs while the control group learned these idioms through traditional translation method. The data included students' one minute response paper gathered after each treatment which lasted 3 weeks and a 20 item-multiple-choice post-test. An ANCOVA analysis of the post-test scores showed that the experimental group accomplished better than the control group. The content analysis of the students' one minute response paper also highlighted that translation method rested on the comparison of L1 and L2 concepts increased the awareness of the participants towards the non-literal meaning of English idioms. It appears that translation method comparing L1 and L2 concepts might contribute to the conceptual fluency development of beginner level adult L2 learners.

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Initial Scale Development: Sample Size for Pilot Studies

Cited by 599 publications

References 8 publications

Older Adults Adoption, Use and Diffusion of E-Government Services in Saudi Arabia, Hail City: A Quantitative Study

Older Adults Adoption, Use and Diffusion of E-Government Services in Saudi Arabia, Hail City: A Quantitative Study

A Case Report of a Patient with Ptosis and Ataxia Diagnosed as Claude’s Syndrome Who Was Treated with Korean Medicine

A Need for Conceptually Fluent Language Learners: Rethinking the Use of Translation Method in the Teaching of Idioms

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