Initial stage of the hydrothermal ore accumulation within the field at 9°50′ N on the East Pacific Rise

Chimneys in Paleozoic massive sulfide mounds of the Urals VMS deposits: Mineral and trace element comparison with modern black, grey, white and clear smokers

“…These chimneys emanate shimmering fluids at the seazed stage typical of diffusers (Bogdanov et al, 2006a). At the Vienna Wood and Northern Lau vent sites, the first variety contains barite (Fig.…”

“…At the boundary with zone B, sphalerite, barite and bornite are widespread (Table 4) with interstitial inclusions of native gold. This is probably chalcopyrite-rich analog of grey or white smokers located at the main TAG mound (Bogdanov et al, 2006a).…”

“…In EPR 9°50´N, the black smokers were collected during initial stage of hydrothermal activity on the fresh lava flows (Bogdanov et al, 2006a). The chimneys display a typical mineral zonation (Graham et al, 1988).…”