Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Lichen as an organism 1.2. The lichen symbionts 1.2.1. The mycobiont 3.6. Data Analysis 76 3.6.1. Corticolous lichen diversity in different vegetation types 76 3.6.2. Relationship of ecological and phorophyte characters to corticolous lichen distribution 3.6.3. Diffrence of vegetation types related to lichen composition and possible indicator species of corticolous lichens in different vegetation types 1I Chapter 4 : Results 4.1. Corticolous lichen diversity across sites and by vegetation type 4. 1.1. Quantitative analysis of corticolous lichen diversity 4.1.2. Comparison of corticolous lichen cover of family and genera 4.1.3. Distribution of corticolous lichen family and genera in 16 different vegetation types 4.2. Effect of ecological and phorophyte characters on distribution of corticolous lichen 4.2.1. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) 4.2.2. Two-way cluster analysis 4.2.3. Lichen composition in relation to different vegetation in KMR 4.2.4. Possible indicator species of corticolous lichens in different vegetation types 4.3. Taxonomic diversity 4.3.1. Characters of new species recorded during the present study 4.3.2. Identification key to the genera of lichen family Graphidaceae