Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria

Hublin, Jean Jacques; Sirakov, Nikolay; Aldeias, Vera; Bailey, Shara E.; Bard, Édouard; Delvigne, Vincent; Endarova, Elena; Fagault, Yoann; Fewlass, Helen; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Kromer, Bernd; Krumov, Ivaylo; Marreiros, João; Martisius, Naomi L.; Paskulin, Lindsey; Sinet‐Mathiot, Virginie; Meyer, Matthias; Pääbo, Svante; Popov, Vasil; Režek, Željko; Sirakova, Svoboda; Skinner, Matthew M.; Smith, Geoff; Spasov, Rosen; Talamo, Sahra; Tuna, Thibaut; Wacker, Lukas; Welker, Frido; Wilcke, Arndt; Zahariev, Nikolay; McPherron, Shannon P.; Tsanova, Tsenka

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2259-z

Cited by 246 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…mtDNA) sequence belonging to the M haplogroup was published for the La Rochette individual dated at ~ 27,500 years ago. This haplogroup has also been identified in four EUP specimens from Goyet (Belgium) and Bacho Kiro (Bulgaria) and in one Italian MUP fossil from Ostuni (Italy) 17 , 19 , 35 , 36 , but has not been found in EUP or MUP individuals from Central Europe. In this context, the genetic history of the MUP groups remains unclear, and the biological affinities that existed between the SWF MUP local population and other MUP groups are not properly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic

Mounier

Heuzé

Samsel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Archaeologically defined Upper Palaeolithic (UP, 45,000–10,000 years ago) “cultures” are often used as proxies to designate fossil populations. While recent genomic studies have partly clarified the complex relationship between European UP “cultures” and past population dynamics, they leave open numerous questions regarding the biological characterization of these human groups, especially regarding the Mid-UP period (MUP, 33,000–24,000 years ago), which encompasses a pan-European cultural mosaic (Gravettian) with several regional facies. Here, we analyse a large database of well-dated and well-preserved UP crania, including MUP specimens from South-West France (SWF) and Moravia, using 3D geometric morphometrics to test for human group affinities. Our results show that the Gravettian makers from these two regions form a remarkably phenetically homogeneous sample which is different from, and more homogeneous than, the Late UP sample. Those results are congruent with genomic studies indicating a genetic continuity within the Gravettian manufacturers and a discontinuity marked by the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Moreover, our study expands the geographical range of the MUP phenetic continuity to SWF, for which aDNA data are scarce, and clarifies the post-LGM European population structure in SWF, with a possible dual ancestry stemming from different LGM refugia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic

Mounier

Heuzé

Samsel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…T he dispersal of modern humans across western Eurasia, associated with the Upper Paleolithic, is well documented compared to other regions but still susceptible to discoveries that can overturn prevailing ideas, especially those based on first appearance dates (1,2). Current data support an east-west dispersal beginning ∼46 ka cal BP in the Balkan Peninsula at Bacho Kiro (3,4) (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 85%

The early Aurignacian dispersal of modern humans into westernmost Eurasia

Haws

Benedetti

Talamo

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Documenting the first appearance of modern humans in a given region is key to understanding the dispersal process and the replacement or assimilation of indigenous human populations such as the Neanderthals. The Iberian Peninsula was the last refuge of Neanderthal populations as modern humans advanced across Eurasia. Here we present evidence of an early Aurignacian occupation at Lapa do Picareiro in central Portugal. Diagnostic artifacts were found in a sealed stratigraphic layer dated 41.1 to 38.1 ka cal BP, documenting a modern human presence on the western margin of Iberia ∼5,000 years earlier than previously known. The data indicate a rapid modern human dispersal across southern Europe, reaching the westernmost edge where Neanderthals were thought to persist. The results support the notion of a mosaic process of modern human dispersal and replacement of indigenous Neanderthal populations.

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“…We need additional data and new sites to definitively assess the role of Neandertals in the development of this techno-complex and the possible influence of the first Homo sapiens. In fact, the recent finding of the oldest Homo sapiens with jewellery in central Europe 54 has fueled the debate regarding the possible acculturation of Neandertals, which is beyond the scope of the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pluridisciplinary evidence for burial for the La Ferrassie 8 Neandertal child

Balzeau

Turq²,

Talamo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The origin of funerary practices has important implications for the emergence of so-called modern cognitive capacities and behaviour. We provide new multidisciplinary information on the archaeological context of the La Ferrassie 8 Neandertal skeleton (grand abri of La Ferrassie, Dordogne, France), including geochronological data -14C and OSL-, ZooMS and ancient DNA data, geological and stratigraphic information from the surrounding context, complete taphonomic study of the skeleton and associated remains, spatial information from the 1968–1973 excavations, and new (2014) fieldwork data. Our results show that a pit was dug in a sterile sediment layer and the corpse of a two-year-old child was laid there. A hominin bone from this context, identified through Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) and associated with Neandertal based on its mitochondrial DNA, yielded a direct 14C age of 41.7–40.8 ka cal BP (95%), younger than the 14C dates of the overlying archaeopaleontological layers and the OSL age of the surrounding sediment. This age makes the bone one of the most recent directly dated Neandertals. It is consistent with the age range for the Châtelperronian in the site and in this region and represents the third association of Neandertal taxa to Initial Upper Palaeolithic lithic technocomplex in Western Europe. A detailed multidisciplinary approach, as presented here, is essential to advance understanding of Neandertal behavior, including funerary practices.

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Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria

Abstract: The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.

Cited by 246 publications

References 81 publications

Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic

Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic

The early Aurignacian dispersal of modern humans into westernmost Eurasia

Pluridisciplinary evidence for burial for the La Ferrassie 8 Neandertal child

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