Initial validation of the Portuguese version of the Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ &amp; IBQ-Self) in the context of exercise: Measurement invariance and latent mean differences

Rodrigues, Filipe; Pelletier, Luc G.; Neiva, Henrique P.; Teixeira, Diogo; Cid, Luís; Monteiro, Diogo

doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00374-y

Cited by 28 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Additionally, perceived need-thwarting behaviors had a significant relationship with BPN frustration and controlled motivation. These results support theoretical [9] and empirical research in health-related behaviors [29,32,46], that preconizes the existence of a dual-process among motivational determinants. Autonomous motivation presented a positive and significant effect, whereas, controlled motivation displayed a negative and significant effect on intentions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Perceived Interpersonal Behaviors. The Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire in exercise (Portuguese version) [29] was used to assess supportive and thwarting behaviors perceived by exercisers regarding fitness instructors' behaviors. This 24-item (six factors, four items each) instrument measures perceived need autonomy, competence, and related support, as well as perceived need autonomy, competence, and relatedness thwarting behaviors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Exercise Adherence: The Predictability of Past Experience and Motivational Determinants

et al. 2020

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Background: An unresolved debate lingers over the effect of past behavior on motivational patterns and future behavior stability in the exercise context. Theorists argue that past behavior has a residual effect on future behavior; however, empirical studies have shown that past behavior displays significant power in predicting behavior recurrence in the future. The present research aimed to examine the effect of past behavior and motivational determinants on future exercise adherence. Methods: Data from 437 Portuguese gym exercisers (female = 235; male = 202) aged between 18 and 53 years (M = 31.14; SD = 9.47), with exercise experience ranging from 6 to 12 months (M = 9.41; SD = 1.33) were considered for research. Participants completed a multi-section survey measuring interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs, behavioral regulations, and intentions. Data from past behavior and future exercise adherence were collected using computerized records of their attendance at the gym. Results: Positive and significant correlations paths were evidenced among perceived supportive behaviors, needs satisfaction, autonomous motivation, intentions and future exercise adherence. Similar results were presented among perceived thwarting behaviors, needs frustration, and controlled motivation. Regression paths showed that perceived supportive behavior, basic needs satisfaction, and autonomous motivation displayed positive and significant effects on future behaviors; thus, past behavior displayed the highest coefficient on future exercise adherence. Fitness professionals should aim at creating supportive environments, thus, improving the likelihood of being perceived by exercisers as need-supportive individuals. By doing so, as a result, exercisers would experience increased levels of autonomous motivation and higher rates of future exercise attendance at the gym. Hence, exercisers will gradually form their positive past exercise experience, increasing the probability of engaging in an exercise in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Exercise Adherence: The Predictability of Past Experience and Motivational Determinants

et al. 2020

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“…The Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) Portuguese version in exercise, assessing supportive and thwarting behaviors, was used. The 24‐item scale (four items per factor) measures autonomy (item 1: “My exercise instructor supports my choices”), competence (item 9: “My exercise instructor encourages me to improve my skills”), and relatedness (item 5: “My exercise instructor really likes to spend time with me”) support, as well as autonomy (item 8: “My exercise instructor imposes his opinions”), competence (item 22: “My exercise instructor questions my ability to overcome challenges”), and relatedness (item 24: “My exercise instructor does not build empathy with me”) thwarting, regarding exercisers’ perception of fitness instructors’ behaviors during gym activities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence

Rodrigues¹,

Teixeira

Neiva³

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Objective The present study aimed to examine the bright and dark sides of motivation, based on self‐determination theory, as predictors of enjoyment, intention to continue exercising, and exercise persistence. In addition, we analyzed the mediation role of each variable and tested the model invariance between male and female exercisers. Methods A total of 575 gym exercisers (female = 230) aged between 18 and 65 years (M = 34.07; SD = 11.47) participated in this study. All participants had at least 6 months of regular exercise practice; exercise frequency of the participants ranged from 2 to 7 sessions per week (M = 3.52; SD = 1.28) and training sessions lasted approximately 30 and 120 minutes (M = 61.54; SD = 17.64). Participants completed a multisection questionnaire assessing interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, behavioral regulations, enjoyment, and intentions to continue exercising. Exercise persistence was assessed 6 months after initial assessment using gym computer system attendance records. Several analyses, namely, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, serial mediation analysis, and structural invariance testing, were performed to increase theoretical and empirical knowledge. Results Positive associations were observed among the bright side of motivation, enjoyment, intention to continue exercising, and persistence. On the other hand, the dark side of motivation was negatively associated with the bright side constructs, enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence. Both measurement [χ2(370) = 1496.708, χ2/df = 4.05; B‐S P < .001, CFI = 0.907, TLI = 0.901, SRMR = 0.056, RMSEA = 0.073 (CI 90% = 0.063, 0.083)] and structural models [χ2(393) = 2484.994, χ2/df = 6.323; B‐S P < .001, CFI = 0.908, TLI = 0.900, SRMR = 0.075, RMSEA = 0.071 (CI 90% = 0.067, 0.075)] displayed acceptable fit to the data. The results also showed that basic psychological needs satisfaction, autonomous motivation, enjoyment, and intention to continue exercising were significant mediators. However, enjoyment had the highest effect on exercise persistence. In addition, structural model invariance was confirmed between male and female exercisers. Conclusion Motivational determinants have implications for predicting emotional, cognitive, and behavior‐related outcomes. Individuals should perceive exercise instructors as supportive and exercising as a fun activity to endorse long‐term exercise persistence.

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“…The Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire (Rocchi, Pelletier, Cheung, Baxter & Beaudry, 2017) Portuguese version (Rodrigues, Pelletier, Neiva, Teixeira, Cid & Monteiro, 2019b) was used to measure the way gym exercisers perceive fitness instructors' interpersonal behaviors. Only those assessing perceived thwarting behaviors were considered for this study, namely: autonomy thwarting (four items: e.g., "My fitness professional pressures me to do things his way"), competence thwarting (four items: e.g., "My exercise professional give me negative feedback and tells me that I am unfit"), and relatedness thwarting (four items: e.g., "My fitness professional has "cold" interactions with me").…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dark‐side of motivation and intention to continue in exercise: A self‐determination theory approach

Rodrigues

Teixeira

Cid³

et al. 2019

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Motivation plays an important role when it comes to regular physical exercise. Hence, low levels of intentions to continue exercising in the future may ultimately lead to higher rates of exercise dropout. The first objective of the present research was to test a theoretical model considering the dark side of motivational determinants on intentions towards exercising in the future. The second objective consisted in comparing groups with different characteristics, as a way to identify individuals with weaker intention, which is believed to be an indicator of a higher dropout risk. In total, 544 (294 female; 250 male) gym exercisers aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 35.00; SD = 11.57) partook in the present research. Participants were engaged in fitness group classes (n = 273) or in cardio/resistance workouts (n = 271), and their exercise experience ranged from 3 to 120 months (M = 47.41; SD = 7.54). Results showed that the measurement and the structural model had an excellent fit. In addition, the structural model was invariant between gender, fitness activities, and exercise experience. Each group displayed different explained variance in intention to continue exercising. Overall, male, young adults and more experienced exercisers had stronger intentions towards exercising. Fitness instructors should be aware of their own thwarting behaviors, especially when interacting with female, young and less experienced exercisers, since they have weaker intentions to exercise in the future, possibly representing an increased risk of withdrawal.

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Initial validation of the Portuguese version of the Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ & IBQ-Self) in the context of exercise: Measurement invariance and latent mean differences

Cited by 28 publications

References 38 publications

Understanding Exercise Adherence: The Predictability of Past Experience and Motivational Determinants

Understanding Exercise Adherence: The Predictability of Past Experience and Motivational Determinants

The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence

The role of dark‐side of motivation and intention to continue in exercise: A self‐determination theory approach

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